“MERCON”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

MERCON is the trade name for a group of technical specifications of automatic transmission fluid created by Ford. The name is a registered trademark (later becoming a brand) of Ford, which licenses the name and specifications to companies which manufacture the fluid and sell it under their own brand names. Not all Mercon fluids are licensed for reselling under another brand name. All licensed Mercon fluids must have a license number on the container. If no license number is found, the fluid may not be Ford approved and the fluid cannot be guaranteed to meet Ford specifications. Ford, like many automobile manufacturers, uses transmissions sourced from other suppliers or transmission manufacturers around the world; these transmissions are not manufactured by Ford. Many of these automatic transmissions use unique fluids that might not be shown on this page.

Originally the MERCON name was associated exclusively with automatic transmission fluids, later Ford released MERCON gear oils and other lubricants under the MERCON brand.

Ford Automatic Transmission Fluids (ATF)

The original Mercon (M2C185-A) transmission fluid was introduced in January 1987. Over the years, the original Mercon was supplanted by Mercon "V", Mercon "SP", Mercon LV, and Mercon ULV which is the latest fluid. Ford has upgraded the Mercon specifications over the years; the newer fluids are not always backward compatible with previous fluids. Newer 6 and 10-speed transmissions as well as Plug-In Hybrid (PHEV), and Electric Vehicle (EV) transmission technologies require specialized fluids to operate properly. There remains a market for older fluids that claim to meet the earlier fluid specifications. See the details below for backward compatibility of each fluid.

Before MERCON - 1942 - 1987

1942 - Motor Oil

In 1942, The Mercury 8 and Lincoln offered cars with an optional "Liquamatic Drive" using a fluid coupling, conventional clutch, and a semi-automatic three-speed transmission. The transmission had an overrunning clutch on the transmission countershaft. The flywheel's fluid coupling used S.A.E 10 motor oil for lubrication. The transmission gearbox used traditional gear oil. This transmission was only produced for a few months before the U.S.A. entered World War-II, production of this transmission was not resumed after the war.^[1]

1949 - GM Hydra-Matic Fluid

In April 1949, Lincoln began offering the General Motors Hydra-Matic 4-speed automatic transmission in their 1950 model year vehicles. This offering continued through the 1954 model year. Lincoln service information calls for "Lincoln Automatic Transmission Fluid". This fluid met the GM Hydra-Matic Drive fluid specifications.

1950 - GM Type "A" Fluid

It is important to understand that every automatic transmission produced by any vehicle manufacturer (Oldsmobile, Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet, Pontiac, GMC, Ford, Mercury, Lincoln, Chrysler, Dodge, Desoto, Packard, and Studebaker used GM Type "A" transmission fluids in their transmissions from 1949-1958.

In 1950, 11 years after GM released the Hydra-Matic 4-speed automatic transmission and its special Hydra-Matic Automatic Transmission Fluid, Ford released their first fully automatic transmission; the 1951 Fordomatic 3-speed transmission.^[2] This new fully automatic transmission used the GM Type "A" automatic transmission fluid specification. Ford and hundreds of other resellers, became a licensed reseller of the GM Type "A" fluid with an Armor Qualification number. The Type "A" fluid was marketed under the Ford brand name.

1959 - Ford Type "A" Fluid

In 1959, Ford released their own Type-A automatic transmission fluid specification (M2C33-A) and stopped using GM fluid specifications for their in-house transmissions. The Ford M2C33-A fluid had GM Type "A" Suffix "A" characteristics. Transmission fluid service life was fairly short, and frequent transmission oil changes were required.

1959 - Type "B" Fluid

In 1959, Ford released an updated automatic transmission fluid specification Type-B (M2C33-B). The Ford M2C33-B fluid had GM Type "A" Suffix "A" characteristics. As with the previous specification, transmission fluid service life was fairly short, and frequent transmission oil changes were required.

1960 - Type "D" Fluid

In 1960, Ford introduced the Type-D (M2C33-D) specification for service fluid use in 1960 model year vehicles. This fluid specification change provided better oxidation control, anti-wear performance, and higher static capacity capabilities were also included. Oxidation control of the fluid was measured by a new Merc-O-Matic oxidation test.

1967 - Type "F" Fluid

In 1967, Ford introduced a new fluid specification, the Type-F fluid (M2C33-F).^[3] This fluid provided a high static coefficient of friction which resulted in harsh shifting.

The Type-F fluid specification was intended to produce a “lifetime” fluid which would never need to be changed. This is the first of many Ford “lifetime” fluids. The 1974 Ford Car Shop Manual reads "The automatic transmission is filed at the factory with "lifetime" fluid. If it is necessary to add or replace fluid, use only fluids which meet Ford Specification M2C33F.

1972 - Type "G" Fluid

In 1972, Ford of Europe introduced a new fluid specification, the Type-G fluid (M2C33-G).^[4] This fluid was used through 1981.

1974 - Type "CJ" Fluid

In September 1974, Ford introduced a new fluid specification, the Type-CJ fluid (M2C138-CJ). This fluid provided smoother shifting and less gear noise by with higher dynamic friction characteristics. The Ford Type-CJ fluid specification also met the GM Dexron-II(D) and earlier fluid specifications. Ford was a licensed GM Dexron-II(D) vendor.

The Ford Type-CJ fluid was compatible with GM Dexron II(D) specifications. This compatibility may suggest to some that all Ford, Mercon, and Dexron fluids are compatible; this is not correct. Always use the factory recommended fluid for your transmission. (See the Aftermarket Automatic Transmission Fluids section below)

1981 - Type "H" Fluid

As a result of the 1973 OPEC Oil Embargo and fuel shortages, the U.S. government created the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) regulations in 1975. The regulations were to be fully implemented by the 1978 model year. The automotive industry responded by changing to three typically unused transmission technologies:

The introduction of the TCC led to customer complaints of a shudder while driving. All vehicle manufacturers made changes to their ATF specifications and the controls of their TCC to try and alleviate the problem. GM released the Dexron-II (D) fluid specification in 1978 and Chrysler released the ATF+2 fluid specification in 1980, and Ford released the Type-H fluid (M2C166-H) specification in June 1981.

The Type-H fluid specification provided improved friction characteristics in lock-up torque converters (reducing shudder during application and release). With this new specification, Ford introduced the aluminum beaker oxidation test (ABOT) to replace the older Merc-O-Matic oxidation test.

The Ford Type-H fluid was compatible with GM Dexron II(D) specifications. This compatibility may suggest to some that all Ford, Mercon, and Dexron fluids are compatible; this is not correct. Always use the factory recommended fluid for your transmission. (See the Aftermarket Automatic Transmission Fluids section below)

MERCON Fluids 1987 - Today

1987 - MERCON

In January 1987, Ford released the original Mercon fluid specification (M2C185-A). Mercon became a trademarked fluid with qualification and licensing of fluids to ensure quality in the marketplace. This original Mercon Specification was backward compatible with the 1981 Ford Type-H fluid and the 1958 GM Type "A" Suffix "A" fluid.

NOTICE: This version of Mercon was compatible with GM's Dexron-II(D) and later formulations were compatible with Dexron-III(H); however, Future versions of Mercon (Mercon V, Mercon SP, Mercon LV, Mercon ULV) are not compatible with GM's Dexron-III(H) or any newer version of Dexron (Dexron-VI, Dexron HP, Dexron ULV).

1996 - MERCON V

In 1996, Ford released the Mercon "V" fluid specification (M2C202-B).^[5] Ford Technical Service Bulletin (TSB) 06-14-04 indicates that Mercon "V" is to replace the original Mercon fluid.^[6]

The Mercon "V" specification was revised in 2002 (M2C919-E). This revised fluid was first used in the following transmissions:

2001 - MERCON SP

In August 2001, Ford released the Mercon "SP" fluid specification (M2C919-D).^[7]

Ford SSM 21114 (November 26, 2009) indicates that Mercon Replace "SP" is to be replaced with Mercon LV on Torqshift transmissions from the 2003 through 2008 model years. This SSM does not apply to the ZF 6HP26 transmission.

2005 - MERCON LV

In December 2005, Ford released the Mercon "LV" fluid specification (M2C938-A).^[8]

This specification was revised again in 2010 (M2C938-A2) and was optimized for anti-Squawk performance of clutches. This revised fluid was first used in the following transmissions:

2014 - MERCON ULV

The fluid specification for Mercon-ULV (Ultra-Low Viscosity) was introduced on January 2, 2014. Mercon ULV is composed of a Group 3+ Base oil and additives needed for the proper operation of the 2017 and above Ford 10R80 and the GM 10L90 10-Speed rear wheel drive automatic transmission.

This transmission and the transmission fluid specification was co-developed by Ford and GM. The current specification that defines the fluid is FORD WSS-M2C949-A.^[10] This fluid is also marketed as Dexron ULV.

NOTICE: The quart containers of Mercon ULV must be shaken to stir up the additives before pouring. This fluid is not backward compatible with any previous fluids.

Ford "Lifetime" ATF

The 1967 Ford Type-F fluid specification was intended to produce a “lifetime” fluid which would never need to be changed. This was the first of many Ford “lifetime” fluids. The 1974 Ford Car Shop Manual reads "The automatic transmission is filled at the factory with "lifetime" fluid. If it is necessary to add or replace fluid, use only fluids which meet Ford Specification M2C33F. Many other transmission manufacturers have followed with their own "Lifetime" automatic transmission fluids".

How ATF Can Last a "Lifetime"

To understand how a fluid can last a "lifetime", a study of the 1939 Chrysler Fluid Drive Fluid is helpful.^[11] The November 1954 edition of Lubrication Magazine (Published by The Texas Company, later known as Texaco) featured a story called "Evolution of the Chrysler PowerFlite Automatic Transmission". This article described the fluid used in the 1939 Chrysler Fluid Drive and its subsequent revisions and enhancements through 1954.

A section of the feature described the lubrication of the Fluid Drive's fluid coupling, it reads "The fluid drive fluid coupling is partially filled with Mopar Fluid Drive Fluid, a special highly refined straight mineral oil with a viscosity of about 185 SUS at 100° F., excellent inherent oxidation stability, high viscosity index (100), excellent ability to rapidly reject air, very low natural pour point (-25° F.) , ability to adequately lubricate the pilot ball bearing and seal surface, and neutrality towards the seal bellows.

Since drains and level checks were not only unnecessary but frequently harmful ( through the introduction of more air, and seal-destroying dirt) Chrysler eventually left off the tempting level inspection plugs. This mechanism is, therefore, one of the very few that are actually lubricated for the life of the car. There are now myriad examples of couplings that have operated well over 100,000 miles without any attention whatsoever and were still in perfect condition when the car was retired." The lesson learned by Chrysler with its fluid drives is applicable to modern automatic transmissions as well.

Sealed Transmissions

Any automatic transmission fluid will last longer if the transmission case could be hermetically sealed, but transmissions typically have two potential entry points for air:

Sealed ATF Containers

Any automatic transmission fluid will last longer if it comes from an unopened container

Example Maintenance Schedule

Lifetime automatic transmission fluids made from higher quality base oil and an additive package are more chemically stabile, less reactive, and do not experience oxidation as easily as lower quality fluids made from lower quality base oil and an additive package. Therefore, higher quality transmission fluids can last a long time in normal driving conditions (Typically 100,000 miles (160,000 km) or more).

The definition of 'Lifetime Fluid" differs from transmission manufacturer to transmission manufacturer. Always consult the vehicle maintenance guide for the proper service interval for the fluid in your transmission and your driving conditions.

Aftermarket Automatic Transmission Fluids

For over 70 years, the oil aftermarket has produced both licensed, and non-licensed, formulations of automatic transmission fluids (ATF). Today, aftermarket fluids asserted by their manufacturers to be compatible for use in General Motors automatic transmissions continue to be sold under names such as Dexron/Mercon, Multi-Purpose, and Multi-Vehicle fluids. Non-licensed fluid is typically less expensive, these fluids are not regulated or endorsed by Ford for use in their transmissions.

Buyer Beware

Details of fluid compatibility on the front panel of an ATF container often conflict with the fluid compatibility claims or fluid recommendations on the rear label.

Example 1

The front label of the O'Reilly Premium Automatic Transmission Multi-Purpose bottle assert that the fluid is "Compatible for use in General Motors and Ford automatic transmissions"

The rear label of the same bottle asserts "This high-quality product is suitable for use in all General Motors and Ford automatic transmissions calling for Type "A" Suffix "A", Dexron-II(C), Dexron-II(D), Dexron-II(E), Dexron-III(G), Dexron-III(H), Type-CJ, and Mercon (the 9187 Mercon). The back panel does tell you to check your owner's manual to ensure you are using the correct transmission fluid for your vehicle."

Interpretation:This means the fluid is only recommended for vehicles requiring the original 1987 Mercon fluid. This also means it not recommended for any other Ford vehicles requiring Mercon V, Mercon SP, Mercon, LV, or Mercon ULV.

Example 2

The front label of the Mobil 1 Synthetic ATF Multi-Vehicle Formula bottle assert that the fluid is for "Ford, GM and a wide variety of domestic and imported vehicles"

The rear label of the same bottle asserts the fluid is recommended by ExxonMobil for use in applications requiring the original 1987 Ford Mercon fluid as well as GM Dexron(B), Dexron-II(C), Dexron-II(D), Dexron-III(G), Dexron-III(H), and other non-Ford applications. The back panel does have an asterisk indicating the fluid is not compatible with Mercon LV or Mercon SP.

Interpretation:This fluid is only recommended for vehicles requiring the original 1987 Mercon fluid. This also means it not recommended for any other Ford vehicles requiring Mercon V, Mercon SP, Mercon, LV, or Mercon ULV.