词条 | Microtis atrata |
释义 |
| name = Swamp mignonette orchid | genus = Microtis (plant) | species = atrata | image = | image_caption = | authority = Lindl.[1] | synonyms = Microtidium atratum (Lindl.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. | synonyms_ref = [1] }} Microtis atrata, commonly known as the swamp mignonette orchid[3] or yellow onion orchid[4] and sometimes as Microtidium atratum,[5] is a species of orchid endemic to southern Australia. It has a single thin leaf and up to forty or more yellowish-green flowers. The flowers are the smallest of any Australian ground-dwelling orchid. The orchid usually grows in large colonies after fire and although small, are easily seen because of their very large numbers in their blackened surroundings. DescriptionMicrotis atrata is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single erect, smooth, more or less solid leaf, {{convert|30-90|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and about {{convert|3|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. Between two and forty or more yellowish-green flowers are densely crowded along a flowering stem {{convert|10-40|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, reaching to a height of {{convert|50-120|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}}. The plants are sometimes up to {{convert|200|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} tall if growing in water. At about {{convert|2|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and wide, the flowers are the smallest of any terrestrial Australian orchid, and as they age, they turn black. The dorsal sepal is egg-shaped to round, about {{convert|1|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and wide and forms a hood over the column. The lateral sepals are oblong, less than {{convert|1|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and spread apart from each other. The petals are egg-shaped and concave and the labellum is oblong to egg-shaped. Flowering occurs from September to December and is stimulated by fire the previous summer.[2][3][4][5]Taxonomy and namingMicrotis atrata was first formally described in 1840 by John Lindley and the description was published in A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony.[6][7] The specific epithet (atrata) is a Latin word meaning "dressed in black",[8] referring to the colour of the dried flowers.[9]Some authorities give this species the name Microtidium atratum[2][4] but this name is not widely accepted.[1][3] Distribution and habitatThe swamp mignonette orchid occurs in the south-west of Western Australia, the south-east of South Australia, in southern Victoria and northern Tasmania. It grows in swampy places and in winter-wet depressions, sometimes in standing water and can form colonies of enormous numbers of plants after summer fire.[5][9][10] ConservationMicrotis atrata is classified as "not threatened" in Western Australia by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife,[11] but is regarded as "endangered" in South Australia[12] and as "rare" in Tasmania.[4]References1. ^1 2 {{WCSP | 128183 | Microtis atrata}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories|date=2006|publisher=New Holland|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=1877069124|page =221}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|last1=Jeanes|first1=Jeff|title=Microtis atratum|url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/ab97c075-edbb-49cf-8b70-82b4cae02c6b|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria|accessdate=19 February 2018}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Microtidium atratum|url=https://www.naturalvaluesatlas.tas.gov.au/downloadattachment?id=14203|publisher=Tasmanian Government Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment|accessdate=19 February 2018}} 5. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Andrew|last2=Dundas|first2=Pat|last3=Dixon|first3=Kingsley|last4=Hopper|first4=Stephen|title=Orchids of Western Australia|date=2008|publisher=University of Western Australia Press|location=Crawley, Western Australia|isbn=9780980296457|page=280}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Microtis atrata|url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/486114|publisher=APNI|accessdate=19 February 2018}} 7. ^{{cite book|last1=Lindley|first1=John|title=A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony|date=1840|publisher=James Ridgway|location=Piccadilly, London|page=52|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044106366024;view=1up;seq=62|accessdate=19 February 2018}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|page =110}} 9. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Noel|last2=Brown|first2=Andrew|title=Orchids of South-West Australia.|date=2011|publisher=Noel Hoffman|location=Gooseberry Hill|isbn=9780646562322|page=335|edition=3rd}} 10. ^{{cite web|last1=Archer|first1=William|title=Swamp mignonette orchid - Microtis atrata|url=http://esperancewildflowers.blogspot.com.au/2008/08/swamp-mignonette-orchid-microtis-atrata.html|publisher=Esperance Wildflowers|accessdate=19 February 2018}} 11. ^{{FloraBase|name=Microtis atrata|id=1658}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Microtis atrata - yellow onion orchid|url=http://www.naturalresources.sa.gov.au/files/sharedassets/public/plants_and_animals/threatened_plants/pa-fact-pafactmicrotisatrata.pdf|publisher=Government of south Australia Department for Environment and Heritage|accessdate=19 February 2018}} External links
8 : Microtis (plant)|Prasophyllinae|Endemic orchids of Australia|Orchids of South Australia|Orchids of Tasmania|Orchids of Victoria (Australia)|Orchids of Western Australia|Plants described in 1840 |
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