| 词条 | Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board |
| 释义 |
| name = Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board | type = Board | logo = Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board logo.png | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | formed = {{Start date|1883||}} | preceding1 = | jurisdiction = City of Minneapolis | headquarters = | chief1_name = Al Bangoura | chief1_position = Superintendent[1] | coordinates = | motto = | employees = 500 full-time 1,300 part-time | budget = $111 million | website = {{URL|minneapolisparks.org}} | agency_id = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | footnotes = | embed ={{Infobox park | child = yes | area = {{convert|6,804|acres|km2}} | visitation_num = 23 million | free_label = Golf courses | free_data = 7 | facilities = 179 | other_info = 22 lakes | paths = {{convert|102|mi|km}} }} }} The Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board (MPRB) is an independent park district that owns, maintains, and programs activities in public parks in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It has 500 full-time and 1,300 part-time employees and an $111 million operating and capital budget.[2][2] The Minneapolis park system has been called the best-designed, best-financed, and best-maintained in America.[3] Minneapolis was rated the #1 park system in the country for the sixth year in a row by the Trust for Public Land in 2018.[4][5] HistoryThe Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board was created by an act of the Minnesota State Legislature and a vote of Minneapolis residents in 1883. Charles M. Loring was elected the first president of the board. Loring convinced landowners to donate property around Bde Maka Ska, Lake Harriet and Lake of the Isles, as well as on Minnehaha Creek.[6] Loring hired Horace Cleveland to create the original plan for Minneapolis parks in 1883, Cleveland's finest landscape architecture, preserving geographical landmarks and linking them with boulevards and parkways.[7][8] Loring and Cleveland were instrumental in creating Minnehaha Park, with its falls as a centerpiece.[6][9] Theodore Wirth was superintendent from 1906 to 1936 and oversaw the expansion of Minneapolis parks from {{convert|1,810|to|5,241|acre}}. Wirth was an advocate of active recreation in all city parks and put up signs saying "Please Walk on the Grass." Wirth also promoted neighborhood parks for the whole city, his plans called for a playground within one-quarter mile of every child and a recreation center within one-half mile of all residents.[10] In 2017, 97% of all residents live within a 10-minute walk of a park.[11]DescriptionThe park system's {{convert|6,084|acres|km2}} make up 15% of the total area of Minneapolis, one of the highest ratios in the country.[11] The city's Chain of Lakes, consisting of seven lakes and Minnehaha Creek, is connected by bike, running, and walking paths and used for swimming, fishing, picnics, boating, and ice skating. A parkway for cars, a bikeway for riders, and a walkway for pedestrians runs parallel along the {{convert|52|mi|km}} route of the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway.[12] Parks are also connected through the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area regional parks and visitor centers. The country's oldest public wildflower garden, the Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden and Bird Sanctuary, is located within Theodore Wirth Park. Wirth Park extends into Golden Valley and is almost 90% the size of Central Park in New York City.[13] Site of the 53-foot (16 m) Minnehaha Falls, Minnehaha Park is one of the city's oldest and most popular parks, receiving over 850,000 visitors each year.[14] Henry Wadsworth Longfellow named Hiawatha's wife Minnehaha for the Minneapolis waterfall in The Song of Hiawatha, a bestselling and often-parodied 19th century poem.[15] The first natural swimming pool in the United States opened in Webber Park in 2015. The outdoor pool does not use any chemicals, rather it uses natural filters and plants in several container ponds to keep the water clean.[16] FacilitiesThe Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board facilities include {{convert|6,804|acres|km2}} of land and water, 179 properties, {{convert|102|mi|km}} of biking and walking paths, 49 recreation centers, 22 lakes, 12 formal gardens, and seven golf courses.[17] {{div col|colwidth=20em}}
GovernanceThe Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board is an independently elected, semi-autonomous park district responsible for governing, maintaining, and developing the Minneapolis park system.[18] The jurisdiction of the MPRB is contiguous with the City of Minneapolis borders, although it owns and operates four golf courses outside the city limits. Minneapolis voters elect nine commissioners every four years: one from each of the six park districts, and three that serve at-large.[19] The district and at-large members are elected using ranked choice voting.[20] The Board of Commissioners appoints the Superintendent and sets policy for the MPRB.[18] References1. ^{{cite news |last1=Zamora |first1=Karen |title=Al Bangoura is new Minneapolis Park Board chief |url=http://www.startribune.com/al-bangoura-is-new-minneapolis-park-board-chief/503178601/ |accessdate=8 February 2019 |work=Star Tribune |date=December 19, 2018}} 2. ^{{cite news |last1=Mahamud |first1=Faiza |title=Minneapolis Park Board: New faces coming |url=http://www.startribune.com/minneapolis-park-board-new-faces-are-coming/455993363/ |accessdate=January 5, 2018 |work=Star Tribune|date=November 8, 2017}} 3. ^{{cite book | last= Garvin | first= Alexander | title= The American City : What Works, What Doesn't | edition=2 |date= June 19, 2002 | page= 67 | publisher= McGraw-Hill Professional | isbn= 978-0-07-137367-8}} 4. ^{{cite news |last1=Best |first1=Eric |title=Minneapolis has nation’s best park system 6 years running, study says |url=http://www.journalmpls.com/news/parks/2018/05/minneapolis-has-nations-best-park-system-6-years-running-study-says/ |accessdate=8 February 2019 |work=The Journal |date=23 May 2018}} 5. ^{{cite web |title=ParkScore – Minneapolis |url=http://parkscore.tpl.org/city.php?city=Minneapolis |publisher=Trust for Public Land |accessdate=January 4, 2018}} 6. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=David C. |title=Loring, Charles Morgridge (1833–1922) |url=http://www.mnopedia.org/person/loring-charles-morgridge-1833-1922 |work=MNopedia |date=January 15, 2016 |accessdate=January 5, 2018}} 7. ^{{cite book| author=Loring, Charles M. |authorlink=Charles M. Loring | title= History of the Parks and Public Grounds of Minneapolis| publisher= Minnesota Historical Society | date=November 11, 1912 | pages=599–608| url=https://books.google.com/?id=RDMC_Qw899IC&pg=PA599}} 8. ^{{cite book| contributor-last= Nadenicek |contributor-first=Daniel J. |contributor-last2=Neckar |contributor-first2=Lance M. |contribution=Introduction to the Reprint Edition |author=Cleveland, H. W. S.| title= Landscape Architecture, as Applied to the Wants of the West; with an Essay on Forest Planting on the Great Plains| page= xli|date=April 2002| publisher= University of Massachusetts Press, ASLA Centennial Reprint Series| isbn= 978-1-55849-330-8| nopp= true}} 9. ^{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=David C. |title=Cleveland, Horace William Shaler (1814–1900) |url=http://www.mnopedia.org/person/cleveland-horace-william-shaler-1814-1900 |work=MNopedia |date= January 21, 2016 |accessdate=January 5, 2018}} 10. ^{{cite web| publisher= National Recreation and Park Association| title= Theodore Wirth (1863–1949)| url= http://www.nrpa.org/content/default.aspx?documentId=3778| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070928132543/http://www.nrpa.org/content/default.aspx?documentId=3778| archivedate= September 28, 2007| accessdate= April 24, 2007}} 11. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Mahamud|first1=Faiza |title=Minneapolis parks named tops in the nation, and St. Paul comes in second |url=http://www.startribune.com/minneapolis-parks-named-tops-in-the-nation-and-st-paul-comes-in-second/423970983/ |accessdate=January 5, 2018 |work=Star Tribune |date=May 23, 2017}} 12. ^{{cite web |title=Grand Rounds Scenic Byway |url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/byways/byways/2243| publisher=Federal Highway Administration |accessdate=January 5, 2018}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Theodore Wirth Park|url=https://www.minneapolisparks.org/parks__destinations/parks__lakes/theodore_wirth_regional_park/#group_1_20843|publisher=Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board|accessdate=January 5, 2018|language=en}} 14. ^1 {{cite web |title=Minnehaha Regional Park |url=https://www.minneapolisparks.org/parks__destinations/parks__lakes/minnehaha_regional_park/ |publisher=Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board |accessdate=January 5, 2018}} 15. ^{{cite encyclopedia| title= Henry Wadsworth Longfellow| encyclopedia= Encyclopædia Britannica| year= 2007| url= http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-4274/Henry-Wadsworth-Longfellow| accessdate= April 30, 2007}} 16. ^{{cite news |last1=Hirsi |first1=Ibrahim |title=North Minneapolis' Webber pool, the country's first natural public swimming pool, to hold another open house |url=https://www.minnpost.com/community-sketchbook/2015/07/north-minneapolis-webber-pool-countrys-first-natural-public-swimming-po |accessdate=January 5, 2018 |work=MinnPost |date=July 30, 2015}} 17. ^{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.minneapolisparks.org/about_us/ |publisher=Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board |accessdate=January 5, 2018}} 18. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=Leadership and Structure |url=https://www.minneapolisparks.org/about_us/leadership_and_structure/ |publisher=Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board |accessdate=January 4, 2018}} 19. ^{{cite web |title=Commissioners |url=https://www.minneapolisparks.org/about_us/leadership_and_structure/commissioners/ |publisher=Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board |accessdate=January 6, 2018}} 20. ^{{cite web |title=What is Ranked-Choice Voting? |url=http://vote.minneapolismn.gov/rcv/what-is-rcv |publisher=Minneapolis Elections & Voter Services |accessdate=January 5, 2018}} Further reading
External links
3 : Minneapolis|Park districts in the United States|1883 establishments in Minnesota |
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