| 词条 | Miriam Orleska |
| 释义 |
| name = Miriam Orleska | image = Miriam_Orleska_(1930).jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = Miriam Orleska in 1930 | birth_date = {{death year|1900}} | birth_place = Warsaw, Poland | death_date = {{death year and age|1943|1900}} | death_place = Treblinka extermination camp, Poland | occupation = Actress | spouse = Mordechai Mazo (1889–1942)[1] }} Miriam Orleska ({{Lang-yi|מרים אָרלעסקאָ}}; 1900, Warsaw – 1943, Treblinka extermination camp) was an actress in the Vilna Yiddish theatre, best known for her role as Leah in S. Ansky's The Dybbuk. BiographyOrleska started acting at a young age, and played the role of David in a production of Sholem Asch's Mitn shtrom in her last year in the gymnasium.[2] She studied theatre at the Instytucie Pedagogicznym w Warszawie and the Warszawska Szkola Dramatyczna under Helena Hryniewiecka, {{ill|Antoni Bednarczyk|pl}}, and Aleksander Zelwerowicz.[3] Orleska helped found the Vilna Troupe in 1919, with which she performed in Poland, Romania, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and England. She played roles in S. Ansky's Day and Night, Peretz Hirschbein's Griene Felder and Die Puste Kretshme, a stage adaption of Sholem Aleichem's The Bloody Hoax, and Yiddish versions of Karl Gutzkow's Uriel Acosta, Arthur Schnitzler's Liebelei, Molière's L'Avare, and Eugene O'Neill's' All God's Chillun Got Wings.[4] Orleska is best known for playing Leah in the world premiere of S. Ansky's The Dybbuk in 1920. For this role, Robert Musil described Orleska as "the most beautiful actress since Duse appeared upon the stage" and adding, "One wishes to see this actress in a great role on the European stage, perhaps Desdemona."[5] During the Holocaust Orleska acted in the Warsaw Ghetto's Femina Theater and later the Polish-language Nowy Teatr Kameralny.[6] She also worked in the Aleynhilf, the most important social welfare organization in the ghetto.[7] She was killed in the Treblinka extermination camp in 1942, along with her husband Mordechai Mazo. References1. ^{{cite encyclopedia|title=Vilna Troupe|first=Joseph|last=Leftwich|volume=20|page=534|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/vilna-troupe|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Judaica|editor1-first=Michael|editor1-last=Berenbaum|editor1-link=Michael Berenbaum|editor2-first=Fred|editor2-last=Skolnik|editor2-link=Fred Skolnik|edition=2nd|location=Detroit|publisher=Macmillan Reference|year=2007}} 2. ^{{cite encyclopedia|first=Zalmen|last=Zylbercweig|author-link=Zalmen Zylbercweig|encyclopedia=Leksikon fun yidishn teater|url=https://www.yiddishbookcenter.org/collections/yiddish-books/spb-nybc201089/zylbercweig-zalmen-mestel-leksikon-fun-yidishn-teater-vol-1|page=97|title=Orleska, Miriam|lang=yi|date=1931|location=New York|publisher=Elisheva}} 3. ^{{cite book|title=Mayn leksikon|lang=yi|first=Melech|last=Ravitch|author-link=Melech Ravitch|location=Montreal|year=1945|publisher=Aroysgegebn fun a komitet|url=https://www.yiddishbookcenter.org/collections/yiddish-books/spb-nybc200318/ravitch-melech-mayn-leksikon-vol-2}} 4. ^{{cite web|first=Zofia|last=Borzymińska|website=Polski Słownik Judaistyczny|publisher=Żydowski Instytut Historyczny|title=Orleska (Orlesko) Miriam|lang=pl|url=http://www.jhi.pl/psj/Orleska_(Orlesko)_Miriam|access-date=6 April 2019}} 5. ^{{cite book | last=Caplan | first=Debra | title=Yiddish Empire: The Vilna Troupe, Jewish Theater, and the Art of Itinerancy | publisher=University of Michigan Press | publication-place=Ann Arbor | year=2018 | isbn=978-0-472-03725-4 | oclc=1030848353 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8mFUDwAAQBAJ| page=}} 6. ^{{cite book|first=Katarzyna|last=Person|title=Assimilated Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto, 1940–1943|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5G7iAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|date=30 June 2014|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=978-0-8156-5245-8|pages=132}} 7. ^{{cite book|chapter=The Warsaw Ghetto in the Writings of Rachel Auerbach|first=Samuel|last=Kassow|editor1-first=Glenn|editor1-last=Dynner||editor2-first=François|editor2-last= Guesnet|title=Warsaw. The Jewish Metropolis: Essays in Honor of the 75th Birthday of Professor Antony Polonsky|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9SJKCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA502|date=2015|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden|isbn=978-90-04-29181-2|oclc=907676545|pages=502}} External links{{commons category|Miriam Orleska}}
10 : 1900 births|1943 deaths|20th-century Polish actresses|Actresses from Warsaw|Jewish Polish actresses|People who died in Treblinka extermination camp|People who died in the Warsaw Ghetto|Polish Jewish people who died in the Holocaust|Warsaw Ghetto inmates|Yiddish theatre performers |
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