| 词条 | Adas Israel Congregation (Duluth, Minnesota) |
| 释义 |
Adas Israel Congregation (or Adath Israel Congregation, but known locally as the 3rd Street Shul) is a Modern Orthodox Jewish synagogue located in Duluth, Minnesota established in the late 19th century. It is the oldest surviving Orthodox synagogue in Duluth having outlived and incorporated several Orthodox synagogues in the Twin Ports area. By 1973 it was the only Orthodox synagogue in Duluth.[1]{{page needed|date=May 2017}} It could also be described as a Jewish "traditionalist" congregation because in official communal guidelines it is officially described as "an Orthodox/high Conservative congregation" meaning that its members are composed of some Orthodox Jews as well as those who practice an older form of traditional Judaism.[2] It is described as having a membership of 75. Services are lay-led with daily minyans, Saturday morning and holiday services.[3] While the congregation maintains a synagogue on Duluth's East 3rd Street, they share a building with Temple Israel, a Reform Judaism congregation, for their youth programs. Geography and membershipDuluth is a seaport city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of St. Louis County. It forms a metropolitan area with Superior, Wisconsin, Called the Twin Ports, these two cities share the Duluth-Superior Harbor and together are one of the most important ports on the Great Lakes, shipping coal, iron ore (taconite), and grain. This unique location attracted Jewish settlers who set up a number of synagogues that still serve Jews from the surrounding areas: The Duluth area Jewish community is a mix of families that have been here for five generations, persons who have come to work in the three universities or the medical services industry, and [those] who followed other types of jobs or their hearts to this beautiful area. It is a diverse community...[The] community also includes families across the state line in Superior, Wisconsin and other Jewish families within a hundred mile radius of Duluth in Northeastern Minnesota and Northwestern Wisconsin. The Jewish Community consists of two synagogues. Adas Israel Congregation is an Orthodox congregation with a membership of 75. Services are lay-led with daily minyans, Saturday morning and holiday services. Temple Israel is a Reform / Conservative congregation... This building is the hub of the Jewish community, with religious, educational and cultural events taking place in the facility.[4] Community and synagogue historyThe origins of this synagogue are tied in with the earliest settlement of Minnesota by Jews fleeing persecutions in Eastern Europe, such as from Russia, Lithuania, Ukraine and Hungary in the 19th century. In one published family history, the synagogue's establishment is described as part of the development of Jewish, indeed European, communal life: In 1871, my father's grandparents, Nettie and Bernard Silberstein from Hungary, were the first Jewish newlyweds to make their home in Duluth, Minn., when it was a western frontier town with mostly Native Americans in the region. He established the first synagogue and the dry goods store that set the standard of quality for merchants who followed...In the beginning, in the Russian Empire of the early 1800s... We lived in villages and shtetls, like Novoukrainka and Revutskoye, in the rich farmland between Odessa and Kiev, near Yelisavetgrad, now Kirovograd. At first we spoke Russian and Yiddish, then English, some better than others. We devotedly helped each other get from Russia to Duluth, Minnesota and Superior, Wisconsin, then to establish homes and businesses...Landing on the Atlantic Coast in 1883, my great-grandfather "Little Joe" and his brother Israel...walked most of the way to northern Minnesota along the construction route of the new Canadian-Pacific Railway...In Spring, 1884 they arrived by boat in Duluth Harbor, among the first eastern Europeans there...All this time, cousin Yosef Mendel Oreckovsky, well-trained in Russia, was assistant rabbi at Orthodox Temple Tifereth Israel and later helped found Congregation Adas Israel, the "Fourth Street shul".[5] Other histories record that: Adas Israel was formed in the 1890s by members of the Moses Montefiore congregation, an earlier Orthodox congregation composed of Lithuanian Jews. By the turn of the 20th century, there were close to 1,500 Jews living in Duluth, most of who were Russian or Eastern European. The men in the picture were observing Simchas Torah, the holiday marking the end of the weekly cycle of Torah readings. (1914)[6]...The men are assembled on the bimah (the stage or platform in front of the Ark) containing the Torah scrolls of Adas -- literally, "'congregation' Israel". (1919).[7] Female members of the congregation were active with social, humanitarian and charitable causes. "The Adas Israel Ladies' Aid of Duluth are ... examples of Orthodox synagogue' women's groups that helped the poor, the sick and the needy as well as their own synagogues."[8]{{page needed|date=May 2017}} In 1930, Adas Israel absorbed the B'nai Israel Synagogue of Duluth.[9] Adas Israel is the oldest surviving original synagogue being a continuation of earlier synagogues and a living symbol of a surviving active Jewish community in northeast Minnesota. It was the only surviving Orthodox synagogue, until the establishment of a short-lived Chabad Hasidic synagogue in 2001.[10] {{Coord|46.7917|-92.0975|region:US-MN_type:landmark_source:GoogleEarth|display=title|notes=[11]}}See also
References and notes1. ^June D. Holmquist, They Chose Minnesota: A Survey of the State's Ethnic Groups St. Paul : Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1981. {{ISBN|978-0-87351-155-1}} 2. ^See Union for Traditional Judaism (UTJ) a movement of Modern Orthodox congregations that have joined with traditionalist Conservative ones. 3. ^Adas Israel of Duluth (Orthodox): Community Directory / Community Calendar (jewishminnesota.org){{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 4. ^Temple Israel: Jewish Community {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008061233/http://www.templeisraelduluth.org/AboutUs/aboutus.htm |date=2007-10-08 }} 5. ^"My Jews of Duluth": The Oreckovsky Family: From Russia to America (Oreck Foundation, San Francisco; December, 1994), Editor: Lionel Traubman, DDS, MS 6. ^Members of the Adas Israel Synagogue {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721130712/http://reflections.mndigital.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=%2Fjhs&CISOPTR=107&CISOBOX=1&REC=12 |date=2011-07-21 }} 1914 (Duluth Jewish Historical Society of the Upper Midwest) 7. ^Members of Adas Israel, Duluth {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721130732/http://reflections.mndigital.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=%2Fjhs&CISOPTR=190&CISOBOX=1&REC=10 |date=2011-07-21 }}, 1919 (Duluth Jewish Historical Society of the Upper Midwest) 8. ^Linda Mack Schloff, And Prairie Dogs Weren't Kosher: Jewish Women in the Upper Midwest (1996). St. Paul : Minnesota Historical Society Press. {{ISBN|0-87351-337-1}} 9. ^Hebrew class of West Side B'nai Israel Synagogue in Duluth {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721130746/http://reflections.mndigital.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=%2Fjhs&CISOPTR=318&CISOBOX=1&REC=1 |date=2011-07-21 }}, 1915: Photo taken at a class outing in Lincoln Park in Duluth. B'nai Israel consolidated with congregation Adas Israel in 1930. (Duluth Jewish Historical Society of the Upper Midwest). 10. ^Adas Israel of Duluth (Orthodox){{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}: Community Directory / Community Calendar 11. ^Adas Israel Congregation, Minneapolis, MN. Google Earth. Retrieved 2011-03-09. 10 : Russian-Jewish culture in the United States|Synagogues in Minnesota|Duluth–Superior metropolitan area|Lithuanian-Jewish culture in the United States|Orthodox synagogues in the United States|Buildings and structures in Duluth, Minnesota|Modern Orthodox synagogues in the United States|Russian-American culture in Minnesota|Ukrainian-American culture in Minnesota|Ukrainian-Jewish culture in the United States |
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