| 词条 | Mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
| 释义 |
| name = {{PAGENAME}} | synonyms = | image = | width = | alt = | caption = | pronounce = | specialty = Hematology | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} Mixed auto-immune hemolytic anemia (MAIHA) belongs autoimmune hemolytic anemia and it combines the features of cold sensitive antibodies-induced diseases and warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. It appears to occur very rarely. The diagnostic work-up is complex and the condition is supposed to be overdiagnosed[1][2]. People diagnosed of warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WAIHA) caused by IgG [3] might also had been found having a high number of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies circulating in body concurrently and of which are active at room temperatures and believed to be harmless since it is not the culprit antibodies responsible for WAIHA. Nevertheless, studies revealing the existence that a few cases of WAIHA may also carry cold agglutinin antibodies that are active at the environment where the temperatures are generally equal to or warmer than {{convert|30|C|F}}. Such coexistence directly suggests a diagnosis of the Mixed (warm- and cold-antibody) autoimmune hemolytic anemia abbreviated as MAIHA.[4] Mixed warm and cold AIHA runs a chronic course with severe intermittent exacerbations such as serious anemia calling the requirement of blood transfusion. Successful therapeutic options for the treatment of hemolysis associated with mixed AIHA are limited but increasing.[5][2] In history, there were two obvious sources of error regarding the AIHA. First, patients with w-AIHA can, like healthy individuals, produce low-titer, low-thermal amplitude CA of no clinical significance. Second, up to 20% of patients with CAD have IgG on the RBC surface in addition to C3d.[6][7][2] See also
Reference1. ^{{cite journal | last=Mayer | first=Beate | last2=Yürek | first2=Salih | last3=Kiesewetter | first3=Holger | last4=Salama | first4=Abdulgabar | title=Mixed-type autoimmune hemolytic anemia: differential diagnosis and a critical review of reported cases | journal=Transfusion | publisher=Wiley | volume=48 | issue=10 | year=2008 | issn=0041-1132 | pmid=18564390 | doi=10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01805.x | pages=2229–2234}} {{Diseases_of_RBCs}}2. ^1 2 {{cite journal | last=Berentsen | first=Sigbjørn | last2=Sundic | first2=Tatjana | title=Red Blood Cell Destruction in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Role of Complement and Potential New Targets for Therapy | journal=BioMed Research International | publisher=Hindawi Limited | volume=2015 | date=2015-01-29 | issn=2314-6133 | pmid=25705656 | pmc=4326213 | doi=10.1155/2015/363278 | pages=1–11}} 3. ^{{cite web | title=Orphanet: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, warm type | website=Orphanet | date=2019-02-14 | url=https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=90033 | access-date=2019-02-15}} 4. ^{{cite journal | last=Das | first=SudiptaSekhar | last2=Chakrabarty | first2=Ritam | last3=Zaman | first3=RU | title=Immunohematological and clinical characterizations of mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia | journal=Asian Journal of Transfusion Science | publisher=Medknow | volume=12 | issue=2 | year=2018 | issn=0973-6247 | doi=10.4103/ajts.ajts_105_17 | page=99}} 5. ^{{cite journal | last=Gupta | first=Shilpi | last2=Szerszen | first2=Anita | last3=Nakhl | first3=Fadi | last4=Varma | first4=Seema | last5=Gottesman | first5=Aaron | last6=Forte | first6=Frank | last7=Dhar | first7=Meekoo | title=Severe refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia with both warm and cold autoantibodies that responded completely to a single cycle of rituximab: a case report | journal=Journal of Medical Case Reports | publisher=Springer Nature | volume=5 | issue=1 | date=2011-04-19 | issn=1752-1947 | pmid=21504611 | pmc=3096571 | doi=10.1186/1752-1947-5-156}} 6. ^{{cite journal | last=Berentsen | first=S | last2=Ulvestad | first2=E | last3=Langholm | first3=R | last4=Beiske | first4=K | last5=Hjorth-Hansen | first5=H | last6=Ghanima | first6=W | last7=Sørbø | first7=JH | last8=Tjønnfjord | first8=GE | title=Primary chronic cold agglutinin disease: a population based clinical study of 86 patients. | journal=Haematologica | volume=91 | issue=4 | year=2006 | issn=0390-6078 | pmid=16585012 | pages=460–6}} 7. ^{{cite journal | last=Mayer | first=Beate | last2=Yürek | first2=Salih | last3=Kiesewetter | first3=Holger | last4=Salama | first4=Abdulgabar | title=Mixed-type autoimmune hemolytic anemia: differential diagnosis and a critical review of reported cases | journal=Transfusion | publisher=Wiley | volume=48 | issue=10 | year=2008 | issn=0041-1132 | pmid=18564390 | doi=10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01805.x | pages=2229–2234}} 1 : Autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
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