| 词条 | Mortonhall Crematorium |
| 释义 |
The Mortonhall Crematorium in a multi-denominational crematorium in Edinburgh, Scotland. It is an example of Basil Spence's post-war expressionist style. Opened in 1967, the crematorium is set in mature woodland and is a Category A listed building. A walled memorial garden opened there in December 2015. DesignArchitects Spence, Glover and Ferguson were commissioned by Edinburgh City Council in 1960 to build a new multi-denominational crematorium.[1] The project architect was John 'Archie' Dewar.[2] The City of Edinburgh also had architect Alexander Steele work on the project.[3] The crematorium design was published in the Architects' Journal in May 1962.[4] The main chapel has seating for 250 people and the smaller Pentland Chapel seats 50.[5] The main chapel was built at an angle that could maximise the natural light. The windows are tall, glazed slits. The walls are constructed from white calcined flint aggregate concrete blocks in three sizes arranged to give a distinctive pattern.[3] The chapel has tall, angled fins that provide dramatic shapes.[6] The use of light and colour has been compared to the effects seen in Coventry Cathedral, also designed by Spence. From the main buildings a simple concrete cross can be seen, positioned on a small hill, a feature copied from Gunnar Asplund's Woodland Crematorium in Stockholm.[3] Overall the crematorium design achieves 'calmly expressionist forms'.[7] The design stands out from the other 250 or so crematoria across the UK.[8] On 7 February 1967 a service was held to dedicate the chapels.[1] The Crematorium was listed as a category A building in April 1996.[9] In 2005, the crematorium appeared in the list of 100 best modern Scottish buildings published in the architectural journal Prospect.[10] It was one of five buildings designed by Spence that appeared in a list of the top 100 architectural works from the past century, compiled by the Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland (RIAS).[11] Memorial gardenIn 2012, it emerged that for over a period of 45 years the ashes of babies who were stillborn or who had died shortly after birth had not been returned to parents.[12] Staff at the crematorium had disposed of these ashes in a field behind the crematorium in secret, telling parents that no ashes were left when young babies were cremated. An inquiry was held into the failings, which found that the families of over 250 babies were affected.[13] Findings of the inquiry were published in April 2014.[14] A settlement scheme was announced in January 2015, with the council offering up to £4,000 to families who had been affected.[15] In January 2015, four draft designs for a permanent memorial were unveiled, with affected parents asked to give their views.[16] A design was selected that featured a garden planted with trees and containing a stone water feature.[17] A pond had been proposed in the original design but this was replaced with the stone water feature.[18] The walled garden opened in December 2015. It has plaques installed on which the names of 149 babies and infants are recorded.[17] References1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://basilspence.org.uk/worship/buildings/mortonhall-crematorium |title=Mortonhall Crematorium |publisher=basilspence.org.uk |accessdate=6 January 2016}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/building_full.php?id=406451 |title=Mortonhall Crematorium |publisher=Dictionary of Scottish Architects |accessdate=31 January 2016}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/243/mortonhall_crematorium.pdf |title=Edinburgh. Survey of Gardens and Designed Landscapes. 215 Mortonhall Crematorium and Cemetery |publisher=The City of Edinburgh Council |date=2007 |accessdate=31 January 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.deathandsociety.org/uploaded-docs/DDD10-Abstracts.pdf |title=Death, Dying and Disposal 10. Nijmegen, 9–12 September 2011. Book of Abstracts |first=Hilary |last=Grainger |publisher=Radboud University Nijmegen |website=www.deathandsociety.org |page=17 |accessdate=31 January 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/info/20019/burials_and_cremations/784/about_mortonhall_crematorium |title=About Mortonhall Crematorium |publisher=Edinburgh City Council |accessdate=31 January 2016}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/edinburghpostwar.pdf |title=Edinburgh’s Post-War Listed Buildings |publisher=Historic Scotland |page=49 |accessdate=12 January 2016}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/964/1/Grainger.pdf |title=In Defiance of a Stylistic Stereotype: British Crematoria, Architecture, Design & Landscape |first=Hilary J. |last=Grainger |page=10 |work=Design and Evolution: Annual Design History Society Conference., 2006, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands |date=2006 |accessdate=31 January 2016}} 8. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2007/dec/10/architecture.ethicalliving |title=Good grief |first=Steve |last=Rose |newspaper=The Guardian |date=10 December 2007 |accessdate=31 January 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/pls/htmldb/f?p=2200:15:0::::BUILDING,HL:43242,Mortonhall%20crematorium |title=30B Howdenhall Road, Mortonhall Crematorium With Remembrance Chapel, Waiting Room, Lodge Houses And Screen Walls (Ref:43242) |publisher=Historic Environment Scotland |accessdate=6 January 2016}} 10. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/edinburgh/2010/nov/10/edinburgh-architecture-post-war-demolition-guest-blog |title=Opinion: Edinburgh's post-war architecture should be cherished |first=Euan |last=Leitch |work=The Guardian |date=10 November 2010 |accessdate=12 January 2016}} 11. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/rias-reveals-scotlands-top-100-buildings/10000244.fullarticle |title=RIAS reveals ‘Scotland’s top 100 buildings’ |first=Merlin |last=Fulcher |work=Architects' Journal |date=7 December 2015 |accessdate=31 January 2016}} 12. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/news/mortonhall-scandal-grieving-parents-refused-babies-ashes-as-mass-grave-at-crematorium-revealed-1-2675315 |title=Mortonhall scandal: Grieving parents refused babies’ ashes as mass grave at Crematorium revealed |first=Gina |last=Davidson |work=Edinburgh Evening News |date= 5 December 2012 |accessdate=5 January 2016}} 13. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13158304.How_truth_was_able_to_come_out/ |title=How truth was able to come out |work=The Herald |date=1 May 2014 |accessdate=6 January 2016}} 14. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-27211583 |title=Mortonhall baby ashes: Report says scandal was a 'great tragedy’ |work=BBC News |date=30 April 2014}} 15. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-31055517 |title=Mortonhall baby ashes: Families to be offered settlement |work=BBC News |date=30 January 2015}} 16. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.stv.tv/east-central/308498-mortonhall-four-designs-for-baby-ashes-memorial-garden-unveiled/ |title=Mortonhall: Four designs for baby ashes memorial garden unveiled |work=STV News |first=Cara |last=Sulieman |date=30 January 2015 |accessdate=5 January 2016}} 17. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://news.stv.tv/east-central/1334859-parents-affected-by-baby-ashes-scandal-visit-mortonhall-memorial/ |title=Families affected by baby ashes scandal visit Mortonhall memorial |work=STV News |date=4 December 2015 |accessdate=5 January 2016}} 18. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/news/mortonhall-baby-ashes-memorial-design-unveiled-1-3784271 |title=Mortonhall baby ashes memorial design unveiled |first=Ian |last=Swanson |work=Edinburgh Evening News |date=27 May 2015 |accessdate=5 January 2016}} External links
5 : Buildings and structures in Edinburgh|Category A listed buildings in Edinburgh|Crematoria in the United Kingdom|Basil Spence buildings|1967 establishments in Scotland |
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