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词条 Mother of All Marches
释义

  1. Background

  2. Protests

  3. Aftermath

     "Tank Woman" 

  4. Reactions

     International  Supranational bodies  Governments 

  5. References

{{see also|2017 Venezuelan protests}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}{{Infobox civil conflict
| title = Mother of All Marches
| partof = 2017 Venezuelan protests
| image = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Mother of All Marches - Holding Flag.jpg
| photo2a = Mother_of_All_Marches_-_Caracas.jpg
| position = center
| size = 300
| spacing = 2
| color = white
| border = 2
| color_border = white
}}
| caption = Protesters heading to ombudsman's office demanding immediate elections and the release of political prisoners. Top image is facing east on Francisco Fajardo Highway, bottom image is facing west.
| date = 19 April 2017
| place = {{flag|Venezuela}}
| coordinates =
| causes = *2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis
| goals = *Release of official election schedule
| methods =
| status =
| result =
| side1 = Venezuelan opposition

Democratic Unity Roundtable
{{small |(VP, PF, UNT, AD, COPEI and others)}}


  • Movimiento Estudiantil
    {{small|(Student opposition organization)}}

Anti-government protesters
  • Anti-government students

| side2 = Government of Venezuela
  • Bolivarian National Armed Forces (FANB)
    • Venezuelan National Guard
  • Bolivarian National Police

Great Patriotic Pole
{{small |(PSUV, PCV, MEP, MRT and others)}}

Pro-government paramilitaries {{small |(Colectivos)}}


| side3 =
| leadfigures1 = Popular Will
  • Leopoldo López
  • David Smolansky

Vente Venezuela
  • María Corina Machado

  • Henrique Capriles

Others
  • Lilian Tintori

| leadfigures2 = Government of Venezuela
  • President Nicolás Maduro
  • Vice President Tareck El Aissami
  • Diosdado Cabello

| howmany1 = Up to 6 million[1]
  • 2.5 million[2][3] {{small|(Caracas)}}

| howmany2 = Thousands[4]
| howmany3 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| casualties3 =
| fatalities = 3[5]
| injuries = 62[6]
| arrests = 521[7]
| detentions = 312[6]
| charged =
| fined =
| casualties_label =
| notes =
| sidebox =
}}

The Mother of All Marches ({{lang-es|La madre de todas las marchas}}), also known as the Mother of All Protests, was a day of protests held on April 19, 2017 in Venezuela against the Chavista government of president Nicolás Maduro.[5] The protests began after the Supreme Tribunal of Justice dissolved the National Assembly and took over its legislative powers March 29, 2017 in what was called a self-coup.[8] The dissolution of the National Assembly was reversed shortly thereafter on April 1, 2017.[9]

Opposition protesters originally marched peacefully until their path was blocked by Venezuelan authorities, with some looting and clashes resulting following the confrontation.[5] By the end of that day, three Venezuelans were killed, two protesters and one National Guardsman, and over 500 were arrested.[7][5]

Background

{{details|Crisis in Bolivarian Venezuela}}

Following the death of President Hugo Chávez, Venezuela faced a severe socioeconomic crisis during the presidency of his successor, Nicolás Maduro, as a result of Chávez's policies and Maduro's continuation of them.[10][11][12][13] Protests in Venezuela originally began in February 2014 when hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans protested due to high levels of criminal violence, inflation, and chronic scarcity of basic goods because of policies created by the Venezuelan government[14][15][16][17][18] Protests then occurred over the years, with demonstrations occurring in various intensities depending on the crises Venezuelans were facing at the time and the perceived threat of being repressed by authorities.[19][20][21][22]

Concentration on protests subsided in the first months of 2017 until the 2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis occurred when the pro-government Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela attempted to assume the opposition-led National Assembly by removing their immunity. Though the move was reversed days later, demonstrations grew "into the most combative since a wave of unrest in 2014".[23][24][25][26] Protests following the crisis persisted for four weeks before the "Mother of All Marches", with 5 protesters dying in the preceding weeks.[27]

By April 14, 2017, the opposition formally announced plans for the "Grand March and Great Taking in All States" march to take place on 19 April to "overflow" Caracas.[28][29] The next day, President Maduro announced that over 2,000 security checkpoints would be established throughout Venezuela prior to the April 19 "mega march", which was said to have nearly 200,000 Venezuelan authorities participating.[30] Venezuela's intelligence agency, SEBIN. President Maduro also ordered legal actions against individuals who stated that they had been tortured by authorities.[36]

{{Quote box|width=240px|align=left|quote=I order SEBIN to sue those spokesmen of the opposition who are accusing of barbarities and improper acts that are never discussed in this republic.|source=President Nicolás Maduro[31]}}

Two days before the march on 17 April, President Maduro ordered the expansion of the Venezuelan National Militia to involve 500,000 loyal Venezuelans, stating that each would be armed with a rifle and demanded the prevention of another event similar to the 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt.[32] Diosdado Cabello, a high-level PSUV official loyal to the Bolivarian government, stated that 60,000 motorized colectivos and the National Militia would be spread throughout Caracas on 19 April "until necessary" to deter the opposition's "megamarch", calling their actions "terrorism".[33]

Protests

The day began with demonstrators gathering around the country at about 10:30am, with Caracas having 26 different routes for the main march to head to the office of the Ombudsman Tarek William Saab to demonstrate.[34] As the march progressed through Caracas, the National Guard began to block routes and fire tear gas at marchers at 11:50am, with the demonstrators refusing to leave despite the use of force.[34]

At about 12:30pm, demonstrations by both opposition and pro-government Venezuelans fill Caracas' avenues.[34] Shortly after 12:45pm, protesters on the Francisco Fajardo Freeway near Bello Monte begin to flee the area after enduring over an hour of tear gas from authorities, with many leaping into the Guaire River, which is used for sewage drainage, to avoid the gas.[35][36] Near 2:10pm, a 17-year-old boy was shot in the head and killed at a protest.[34] At about 4:35pm, pro-government paramilitaries called colectivos shot and killed Paola Ramirez, a 23-year-old woman who was protesting.[34]

Later in the evening, a National Guardsman was killed south of Caracas, the first official killed in the year's protests, with the day's deaths raising the death toll of 2017 protests to at least 8 people.[37] By 9:00pm, the Penal Forum stated that 521 Venezuelans had been arrested throughout the day, bringing the number of total arrests since the beginning of the year to over 1,000.[38]

Aftermath

Following the protests, President Maduro retweeted a tweet by a pro-government journalist joking about opposition protesters having to leap into the sewage-filled Guaire River in order to flee barrages of tear gas.[39] In messages between a Twitter user and PSUV minister and former head of Caracas' Capital District, Jacqueline Faría, the user asked where the $1.4 billion supposedly invested into the Guaire River went, with the Faría stating "They were completely invested, but ask your people who had a yummy bath!"[40]

The following day on 20 April, Venezuelans were once again called to the streets to protest peacefully, with many thousands participating. As night fell, however, riots began to occur into the early hours of 21 April, with looters from working-class neighborhoods prowling the streets of Caracas' various districts and clashing with Venezuelan authorities, with The New York Times stating that the poor's "bitterness against the government" had culminated into the violence against authorities. The streets of Caracas burned and tear gas filled the atmosphere, forcing one maternity hospital to evacuate to avoid intoxicating fumes. By the end of the night, at least 12 people were killed in the rioting.[41]

On 21 April during the funeral of Paola Ramírez, her parents were taken by CICPC and interrogated following their comments that she had called them minutes before her death, stating that colectivos were pursuing her. Their story contrasted Interior Minister Néstor Reverol's statement, who said that a member of an opposition party killed Ramírez.[42]

"Tank Woman"

Images of an elderly woman blocking a VN-4 riot vehicle was compared to images of the Tank Man during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and became a symbol of the protest. The woman saw the vehicles being let through a National Guard barricade and stood in the way of one of the vehicles. Despite National Guardsmen dropping tear gas canisters near her and nudging the woman with their vehicle, the woman stood to prevent the advancement of the vehicle. The woman was later arrested,[43][44] released shortly after and continued protesting the following days.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}

Reactions

International

Supranational bodies

  • {{flag|European Union}} –The body condemned the violence and called "on all Venezuelans to unite to deescalate the situation and find democratic solutions within the framework of the constitution".[45]

Governments

  • {{flag|Colombia}} – President Juan Manuel Santos shared comments on social media, stating that "I warned Chávez 6 years ago that the Bolivarian revolution failed" and that there was "serious concern" over President Maduro's plans to expand the National Militia.[46]
  • {{flag|Germany}} – The German Foreign Ministry regretted the three deaths during the day's protests, condemned violence and stated that President Maduro must release political prisoners, recognize the National Assembly and establish an electoral calendar, saying that these moves "will set the conditions for resuming the national dialogue".[47]
  • {{flag|Peru}} – President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski stated, "We do not want to interfere in the situation of another brother country, but there must be no political prisoners or deaths in the demonstrations ... we will help you if you need it. We are all here with you".[48]

References

1. ^{{cite news|last1=LUGO-GALICIA|first1=HERNÁN|last2=NUÑEZA|first2=AYATOLA|title=El país grito: "Maduro, no te queremos"|url=http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/politica/pais-grito-maduro-queremos_178023|accessdate=20 April 2017|work=El Nacional|date=20 April 2017|language=es}}
2. ^{{cite news|title=El corresponsal de SEMANA en Caracas relata cómo la madre de todas las marchas que convocó la oposición venezolana, terminó como se esperaba con represión con violencia. Análisis del duro panorama en el vecino país.|url=http://www.semana.com/mundo/articulo/venezuela-pedido-de-elecciones-acumula-represion-y-muerte/522587|accessdate=21 April 2017|work=Semana|date=20 April 2017}}
3. ^{{cite news|title=Noticias de América - Día de violencia en las marchas a favor y en contra de Maduro|url=http://es.rfi.fr/americas/20170420-dia-de-violencia-en-las-marchas-favor-y-en-contra-de-maduro|accessdate=21 April 2017|work=Radio France Internationale|date=20 April 2017|language=es-ES}}
4. ^{{cite news |first1=Nicholas |last1=Casey |author2=Patricia Torres |date=19 April 2017 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/19/world/americas/venezuela-caracas-maduro-protests.html?_r=1 |title=At Least 3 Die in Venezuela Protests Against Nicolás Maduro |website=The New York Times |accessdate=20 April 2017 }}
5. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last1=Taylor|first1=Alan|title=In Venezuela, the 'Mother of all Marches'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2017/04/in-venezuela-the-mother-of-all-marches/523725/|accessdate=21 April 2017|work=The Atlantic|date=20 April 2017}}
6. ^1 {{cite news|title=MP confirma muerte de tres personas y 62 heridos en protestas de este #19Abr|url=http://www.lapatilla.com/site/2017/04/20/mp-confirma-muerte-de-tres-personas-y-62-heridos-en-protestas-de-este-19abr/|accessdate=21 April 2017|work=La Patilla|date=20 April 2017|language=es-ES}}
7. ^1 {{cite news|title=Foro Penal reporta más de 1000 arrestos tras protestas desde el 4-A {{!}} En la Agenda {{!}} 2001.com.ve|url=http://www.2001.com.ve/en-la-agenda/157561/foro-penal-reporta-mas-de-1000-arrestos-tras-protestas-desde-el-4-a.html|accessdate=20 April 2017|work=Diario 2001|date=19 April 2017}}
8. ^*{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/04/caracas-clashes-break-mother-marches-170419164958620.html|title=Caracas: Bloodshed at 'mother of all marches'|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2017-04-21}}*{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2017/04/in-venezuela-the-mother-of-all-marches/523725/|title=In Venezuela, the 'Mother of all Marches'|last=Taylor|first=Alan|work=The Atlantic|access-date=2017-04-21|language=en-US}}*{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/19/venezuela-protest-mother-of-all-marches-maduro-violence|title=Deaths and injuries reported amid 'mother of all marches' in Venezuela|last=López|first=Virginia|date=2017-04-20|work=the Guardian|access-date=2017-04-21}}*{{Cite news|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/mother-all-marches-turns-violent-venezuela-n748396|title='Mother of all marches' turns violent in Venezuela|work=NBC News|access-date=2017-04-21|language=en}}*{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/cab2fbd2-2537-11e7-8691-d5f7e0cd0a16|title=Subscribe to read|website=www.ft.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-04-21}}
9. ^{{cite news |last1 = Dreier |first1 = Hannah |last2 = Sanchez |first2 = Fabiola |title = Venezuela high court reverses move to strip congress’ power |url = https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/04/01/venezuela-high-court-reverses-move-strip-congress-power/99904910/ |accessdate = 1 April 2017 |work = USA Today |date = 1 April 2017 |language = en }}
10. ^{{cite news |title = Chavez leaves Venezuelan economy more equal, less stable |author = Kevin Voigt |url = http://edition.cnn.com/2013/03/06/business/venezuela-chavez-oil-economy/ |publisher = CNN |date = 6 March 2013 |accessdate = 6 March 2013 }}
11. ^{{cite news |last1 = Corrales |first1 = Javier |title = The House That Chavez Built |url = https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/03/07/the-house-that-chavez-built/ |accessdate = 6 February 2015 |work = Foreign Policy |date = 7 March 2013 }}
12. ^{{cite news |last1 = Siegel |first1 = Robert |title = For Venezuela, Drop In Global Oil Prices Could Be Catastrophic |url = https://www.npr.org/2014/12/25/373128433/for-venezuela-drop-in-global-oil-prices-could-be-catastrophic |accessdate = 4 January 2015 |publisher = NPR |date = 25 December 2014 }}
13. ^{{cite news |last1 = Scharfenberg |first1 = Ewald |title = Volver a ser pobre en Venezuela |url = http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2015/01/30/actualidad/1422646346_475356.html |accessdate = 3 February 2015 |work = El Pais |date = 1 February 2015 }}
14. ^{{cite news|last=Lopez|first=Linette|title=Why The United States Has Done Nothing About Venezuela|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/why-the-us-wont-touch-venezuela-2014-4|accessdate=12 April 2014|newspaper=Business Insider|date=11 April 2014}}
15. ^{{cite news|title=Protesters in Venezuela Press Government|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304834704579401612202743396|accessdate=12 April 2014|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=23 February 2014}}
16. ^{{cite news|title=Venezuelans protest en masse in rival rallies|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/02/24/venezuelans-protest-en-masse-in-rival-rallies/|accessdate=12 April 2014|newspaper=Borneo Post|date=24 February 2014}}
17. ^{{cite news| title= Venezuela's Maduro says 2013 annual inflation was 56.2 pct|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/12/30/venezuela-inflation-annual-idUSL2N0K90V020131230 |accessdate= 19 January 2014|newspaper= Reuters|date= 30 December 2013}}
18. ^{{cite news | title = Venezuela Inflation Hits 16-Year High as Shortages Rise|url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-11-07/venezuela-inflation-hits-16-year-high-as-shortages-rise.html |accessdate=16 February 2014|newspaper= Bloomberg|date= 7 November 2013}}
19. ^{{cite news |title = En 2014 se registraron 9.286 protestas, cifra inédita en Venezuela |url = http://www.lapatilla.com/site/2015/01/19/en-2014-se-registraron-9-286-protestas-cifra-inedita-en-venezuela/ |accessdate = 25 January 2015 |work = La Patilla |date = 19 January 2015 }}
20. ^{{cite news |last1 = Martín |first1 = Karina |title = Despite Government Obstacles, Over a Million Venezuelans March on Caracas |url = https://panampost.com/karina-martin/2016/09/01/despite-government-obstacles-over-a-million-venezuelans-march-on-caracas/ |accessdate = 2 September 2016 |work = PanAm Post |date = 1 September 2016 }}
21. ^{{cite news |title = Thousands March Against Socialist President in Venezuela |url = https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/01/24/world/americas/ap-lt-venezuela-protest.html?_r=0 |accessdate = 8 August 2015 |work = International New York Times |date = 24 January 2015 }}
22. ^{{cite web |title = Conflictividad Social en Venezuela en Octubre 2016 |url = https://www.scribd.com/document/331515454/Conflictividad-Social-en-Venezuela-en-Octubre-2016 |publisher = Venezuelan Observatory of Social Conflict |accessdate = 19 November 2016 }}
23. ^{{cite news |title = Venezuela accused of ‘self-coup’ after Supreme Court shuts down National Assembly |url = http://www.buenosairesherald.com/article/225180/venezuela-accused-of-%E2%80%98selfcoup%E2%80%99-after-supreme-court-shuts-down-national-assembly |accessdate = 1 April 2017 |work = Buenos Aires Herald |date = 31 March 2017 }}
24. ^{{cite news |title = Venezuela’s Descent Into Dictatorship |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/31/opinion/venezuelas-descent-into-dictatorship.html?_r=0 |accessdate = 1 April 2017 |work = The New York Times |date = 31 March 2017 }}
25. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.skynews.com.au/news/world/sthamerica/2017/04/01/venezuela-clashes--self-inflicted-coup---oas.html |title = Venezuela clashes 'self-inflicted coup': OAS |accessdate = 1 April 2017 |publisher = Sky News Australia |date = 1 April 2017 }}
26. ^{{cite news|last1=Goodman|first1=Joshua|title=Venezuela's Maduro blasts foe for chemical attack comments|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/venezuelas-maduro-blasts-foe-chemical-attack-comments-46695565|accessdate=10 April 2017|work=ABC News|agency=Associated Press|date=9 April 2017|language=en}}
27. ^{{cite news|title='Mother of all marches' turns violent in Venezuela|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/mother-all-marches-turns-violent-venezuela-n748396|accessdate=19 April 2017|work=NBC News|date=19 April 2017|language=en}}
28. ^{{cite news|title=Oposición invita a ejercer la mayor presión "desbordando Venezuela" contra la dictadura este #19Abr|url=https://www.lapatilla.com/site/2017/04/14/oposicion-invita-a-ejercer-la-mayor-presion-desbordando-venezuela-contra-la-dictadura-este-19abr/|accessdate=18 April 2017|work=La Patilla|date=14 April 2017|language=es-ES}}
29. ^{{cite news|title=Unidad marcha este #19Abr hacia la Defensoría y establece agenda para días próximos (+Puntos)|url=https://www.lapatilla.com/site/2017/04/15/unidad-marcha-este-19abr-hacia-la-defensoria-y-establece-agenda-para-dias-proximos-puntos/|accessdate=18 April 2017|work=La Patilla|date=15 April 2017|language=es-ES}}
30. ^{{cite news|title=Maduro dejará en las calles de Venezuela 2.026 puntos de control hasta el #19Abr|url=https://www.lapatilla.com/site/2017/04/15/maduro-dejara-en-las-calles-de-venezuela-2-026-puntos-de-control-hasta-el-19abr/|accessdate=18 April 2017|work=La Patilla|date=15 April 2017|language=es-ES}}
31. ^1 {{cite news|title=Gobierno ordenó querellas judiciales contra quienes acusan a organismos policiales de torturas|url=https://www.lapatilla.com/site/2017/04/16/gobierno-ordeno-querellas-judiciales-contra-quienes-acusan-a-organismos-policiales-de-torturas/|accessdate=18 April 2017|work=La Patilla|date=16 April 2017|language=es-ES}}
32. ^{{cite news|title=En un país sin medicinas, ni comida… Maduro aprueba recursos para "garantizar un fusil para cada miliciano"|url=https://www.lapatilla.com/site/2017/04/17/en-un-pais-sin-medicinas-ni-comida-maduro-aprueba-recursos-para-garantizar-un-fusil-para-cada-miliciano/|accessdate=18 April 2017|work=La Patilla|date=17 April 2017|language=es-ES}}
33. ^{{cite news|title=Diosdado Cabello: La oposición no va a entrar a Caracas este #19Abr|url=https://www.lapatilla.com/site/2017/04/17/diosdado-cabello-la-oposicion-no-va-a-entrar-a-caracas-este-19abr/|accessdate=18 April 2017|work=La Patilla|date=17 April 2017|language=es-ES}}
34. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|title=The Latest: US official expresses concern over Venezuela|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/latest-venezuelans-gear-opposition-march-46887245|accessdate=19 April 2017|work=ABC News|date=19 April 2017|language=en}}
35. ^{{cite news|title=Manifestantes se lanzan al río Guaire para huir de los gases lacrimógenos|url=http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/protestas/manifestantes-lanzan-rio-guaire-para-huir-los-gases-lacrimogenos_177892|accessdate=20 April 2017|work=El Nacional|date=19 April 2017|language=es}}
36. ^{{cite news|title=Venezuela: opositores saltan al río Guaire para escapar de la represión|url=http://elcomercio.pe/mundo/latinoamerica/venezuela-opositores-saltan-al-rio-escapar-represion-noticia-1985192|accessdate=20 April 2017|work=El Comercio|date=19 April 2017|language=es}}
37. ^{{cite news|title=Venezuela crisis: Three killed at anti-government protests|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-39645809|accessdate=20 April 2017|work=BBC News|date=20 April 2017}}
38. ^{{cite news|title=Foro Penal reporta más de 1000 arrestos tras protestas desde el 4-A {{!}} En la Agenda {{!}} 2001.com.ve|url=http://www.2001.com.ve/en-la-agenda/157561/foro-penal-reporta-mas-de-1000-arrestos-tras-protestas-desde-el-4-a.html|accessdate=20 April 2017|work=Diario 2001|date=19 April 2017}}
39. ^{{cite news|title=¡Tremendo presidente!… Nicolás aplaudió que la GNB echara al contaminado Guaire a manifestantes|url=http://www.lapatilla.com/site/2017/04/20/tremendo-presidente-nicolas-aplaudio-que-la-gnb-echara-al-contaminado-guaire-a-manifestantes/|accessdate=21 April 2017|work=La Patilla|date=20 April 2017|language=es-ES}}
40. ^{{cite news|title=Jacqueline Faría: Recursos para el Guaire "se invirtieron completicos, si no pregunta a tu gente que se bañó sabroso"|url=https://www.aporrea.org/actualidad/n307671.html|accessdate=28 April 2017|work=Aporrea.org|date=28 April 2017|language=es-LA}}
41. ^{{cite news|last1=Casey|first1=Nicholas|last2=Torres|first2=Patricia|title=At Least 12 Die as Rioting Breaks Out in Venezuela|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/21/world/americas/venezuela-riots.html|accessdate=21 April 2017|work=The New York Times|date=21 April 2017}}
42. ^{{cite news|title=Cicpc se llevó a padres de Paola Ramírez durante su velorio|url=http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/sucesos/cicpc-llevo-padres-paola-ramirez-durante-velorio_178404|accessdate=22 April 2017|work=El Nacional|date=21 April 2017|language=es}}
43. ^{{cite news|title=Lo que se sabe de la mujer que paró una tanqueta y se convirtió en la imagen de las protestas contra el gobierno de Venezuela|url=http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-39656408|accessdate=21 April 2017|work=BBC Mundo|date=20 April 2017}}
44. ^{{cite news|title=Foto de mujer que desafía una tanqueta en Venezuela da la vuelta al mundo|url=http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2017/04/20/foto-de-mujer-que-desafia-una-tanqueta-en-venezuela-da-la-vuelta-al-mundo/#0|accessdate=21 April 2017|work=CNN Español|date=20 April 2017}}
45. ^{{cite news|title=La Unión Europea condena actos de violencia en Venezuela y pide hallar soluciones constitucionales|url=http://www.lapatilla.com/site/2017/04/20/la-union-europea-condena-actos-de-violencia-en-venezuela-y-pide-hallar-soluciones-constitucionales/|accessdate=21 April 2017|work=La Patilla|date=20 April 2017|language=es-ES}}
46. ^{{cite news|title=Santos dice que hace seis años le advirtió a Chávez que la revolución bolivariana fracasó|url=http://www.lapatilla.com/site/2017/04/20/santos-dice-que-hace-seis-anos-le-advirtio-a-chavez-que-la-revolucion-bolivariana-fracaso/|accessdate=21 April 2017|work=La Patilla|date=20 April 2017|language=es-ES}}
47. ^{{cite news|title=Alemania exige a gobierno venezolano garantizar derecho de manifestación y evitar violencia|url=http://www.lapatilla.com/site/2017/04/20/alemania-exige-a-gobierno-venezolano-garantizar-derecho-de-manifestacion-y-evitar-violencia/|accessdate=21 April 2017|work=La Patilla|date=20 April 2017|language=es-ES}}
48. ^{{cite news|title=Kuczynski critica a Venezuela por presos políticos y muertes en protestas|url=http://www.lapatilla.com/site/2017/04/21/kuczynski-critica-a-venezuela-por-presos-politicos-y-muertes-en-protestas/|accessdate=22 April 2017|work=La Patilla|date=21 April 2017|language=es-ES}}
{{Coup d'état}}{{Bolivarian Venezuela Crisis|state=collapsed}}

5 : 2017 in Venezuela|2017 protests|April 2017 events in South America|Protests in Venezuela|Venezuelan protests (2014–present)
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