| 词条 | Mount Ryōzen |
| 释义 |
| name = Mount Ryōzen | other_name = | etymology = | native_name = 霊山（りょうぜん）"ryouzen" | native_name_lang = jp | photo = Ryozen-Fukushima1.jpg | photo_size = | photo_alt = | photo_caption = Mount Ryōzen in winter | country = Japan | state = Fukushima Prefecture | region = Tōhoku | map = Japan Fukushima Prefecture#Japan | map_image = | map_alt = | map_caption = Mount Ryōzen | map_relief = 1 | map_size = 300 | location = | label = | label_position = | elevation = | elevation_m = 825 | elevation_ft = | elevation_ref = | prominence = | prominence_m = | prominence_ft = | prominence_ref = | isolation = | isolation_km = | isolation_mi = | isolation_ref = | parent_peak = | translation = Spirit Mountain | language = Japanese | pronunciation = | coordinates = {{coord|37.77414214|N|140.68305169|E|display=inline|format=dms|type:landmark_region:JP_scale:10000|name=Mount Ryō}} | coordinates_ref =[1] | topo = | type = | age = | geology = | volcanic_arc = | volcanic_belt = | volcanic_field = | volcanic_arc/belt = | last_eruption = | first_ascent = | easiest_route = Hiking | normal_route = | access = | child = | embedded = }}{{nihongo|Mount Ryōzen|霊山|Ryōzen}} is a mountain on the border of Sōma City and the former town of Ryōzen, in Date City, Fukushima. It is 825 meters in height.[2] Along the hiking trail are the sites of what were Ryōzen Temple and Ryōzen Castle.[3] The mountain is listed as one of the 100 Landscapes of Japan in a contest sponsored by the Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun and Osaka Mainichi Shimbun.[3] It is also a national Place of Scenic Beauty as determined by the Agency for Cultural Affairs in Japan and is noted for its autumn foliage. The mountainMount Ryōzen is part of the basalt volcanic plateau known as the Abukuma Highlands in northern Fukushima. It has been a center for the Shugendō mountain religion since ancient times.{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed linking Mount Ryozen to Shugendo|date=January 2019}} HistoryRyōzen TempleIn the first year of the Jōgan Era (859), Ennin, a Buddhist monk of the Tendai sect founded what would become known as Ryōzen-ji (not to be confused with Ryōzen Shrine).[4] It was burnt down in the War of the Northern and Southern Courts, otherwise known as the Nanboku-cho War, but the Date Clan restored the temple during the Muromachi Period. It was then restored again in the early days of the Edo period.[6] Ryōzen CastleActing in support of the Southern Court, Kitabatake Akiie fortified Ryōzen-ji and turned it into his residence, which he proclaimed to be Ryōzen Castle. Acting as governor of the province of Mutsu, he proclaimed it to be the provincial capital. Kitabatake Akiie received the support of the 7th hereditary chieftain of the Date clan, Date Yukitomo against the forces of the Northern Court led by Ashikaga Takauji. In 1337 he led a campaign South, waging battle several times before he was killed on May 22nd, 1338 at the age of 21.[4] Ryōzen Castle remained for nine years after Akiie's death, before it was destroyed by the Northern Court's army.[6] The site was excavated in 1980, with a large amount of artifacts discovered, including Seto ware pottery and coins from Sung dynasty China. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1934.[5] Hiking TrailHōjudaiHōjudai (宝寿台) is the point at the top of the cliff that stands upright from the foot of the mountain. From this point, one can see the Abukuma and Azuma Mountain Ranges. KokushisawaFrom the bottom of the valley, Kokushisawa (国司沢) seems to stand at a nearly perfect right angle. There are ladders to reach this point on the trail. Tengu no Sumō JōThe "tengu sumo wrestling hall" (天狗の相撲) is a rock protruding towards the West with a flat surface the size of eight tatami mats. It is said that tengu prefer this spot for wrestling. GomadanGomadan (護摩壇) is the entrance to the area that was once the site of Ryōzen Castle. There is a low hanging rock to pass under before arriving at a large flat area where it is believed that Buddhist rituals were once performed.[6][7][8] AmenitiesThere is a restroom in the parking lot before the entrance to the main trail as well as one at the peak of the mountain, at the site of Ryōzen Castle. Below the parking lot is Ryōzen's Kōsaikan (a hotel and bathhouse). [8] AccessThe entrance to the main path up the mountain is located in a parking lot connected to the Nakamura Highway (Route 115) and the Central Tohoku Expressway. It is about 45 minutes from the Kunimi Inter-change (IC) on the Central Tohoku Expressway.[2] It is also about fifty minutes from the Fukushima-Iizaka IC, or thirty minutes by taxi from the local Abukuma Express Line's Hobara Station.[9] See also
References1. ^{{cite web |title=史跡名勝天然記念物: 霊山 |url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/bsys/maindetails.asp|website=Kunishitei.bunka.go.jp|accessdate=16 November 2018}} 2. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.nihon-kankou.or.jp.e.wp.hp.transer.com/detail/07306ab2010003794|title=Ryozen {{!}} National must-see-japan (Japanese sightseeing promotion association)|website=Nihon-kankou.or.jp.e.wp.hp.transer.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-15}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.env.go.jp/nature/ari_kata/shiryou/031208-4-3.pdf |title=日本八景(昭和2年)の選定内容 |publisher=Ministry of the Environment |accessdate=17 March 2011}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.date-shi.jp/wp-content/uploads/brochure/dateshikonjyaku_story.pdf|format=PDF|title=歴史めぐりマップ 生誕七百年 北畠顕家卿|website=Date-shi.jp|accessdate=3 December 2018}} 5. ^{{cite web |url= http://bunka.nii.ac.jp/heritages/detail/204803 |title= 霊山|trans-title=Mount Ryōzen|language=Japanese |publisher=Agency for Cultural Affairs |accessdate=}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.date-shi.jp/2286|title=新・日本百名山 霊山を登る – だてめがね|website=www.date-shi.jp|language=ja|access-date=2018-12-04}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://yamayama.jp/ryozen/ryozen.htm|title=霊山 りょうぜん|website=yamayama.jp|language=ja|access-date=2018-12-04}} 8. ^1 http://www.date-shi.jp/wp-content/uploads/brochure/tozan.pdf 9. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.date-shi.jp/wp-content/uploads/brochure/dateshi800nen_story.pdf|format=PDF|title=Brochure : Calendar of Events|website=Date-shi.jp|accessdate=3 December 2018}} External links{{commons category|Mount Ryozen}}
6 : Mountains of Fukushima Prefecture|History of Fukushima Prefecture|Date, Fukushima|Sōma, Fukushima|Historic Sites of Japan|Sacred mountains of Japan |
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