| 词条 | Adolf Borchers |
| 释义 |
|name=Adolf Borchers |birth_date={{birth date|1913|2|10|df=y}} |death_date={{death date and age|1996|2|9|1913|2|10|df=y}} |birth_place=Wendhausen near Lüneburg |death_place=Oberstaufen-Steibis |placeofburial= |image= |caption= |nickname= |allegiance={{flag|Nazi Germany}} |serviceyears= |rank=Major (major) |branch=Condor Legion {{Luftwaffe}} |commands= 11./JG 51, I./JG 52, III./JG 52 |unit=Jagdgruppe 88, JG 51, JG 52 |battles={{hidden |See battles |Spanish Civil War World War II
|- |headerstyle=background:#dbdbdb |style=text-align:center; }} |awards=Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |spouse=Christl Cranz |relations=Walter Borchers Hermann Borchers |laterwork=Ski school }} Adolf Borchers (10 February 1913 – 9 February 1996) was a Luftwaffe flying ace of World War II. He was credited with 132 aerial victories—that is, 132 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft—claimed in approximately 800 combat missions. BiographyBorchers was born on 10 February 1913 in Wendhausen near Lüneburg. He had two brothers who also received the Knight's Cross. Major Walter Borchers was a night fighter pilot and wing commander. A second brother, SS-Hauptsturmführer Hermann Borchers served in the 9th SS Panzer Division Hohenstaufen. He joined the Condor Legion in the fall of 1938 and participated as a Unteroffizier in the Spanish Civil War. After the Spanish Civil War he was transferred to 2. Staffel (2nd squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing) which later became 10. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing) on 21 November 1940.[1] In this unit he fought in the Invasion of Poland, Battle of France and Battle of Britain, claiming two aerial victories. On 19 May 1940, he claimed his first aerial victory over Hawker Hurricane in the vicintiy of Le Cateau{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2000|p=390}} Following aerial combat on 31 August 1940, Borchers ditched his Messerschmitt Bf 109 E-1 (Werknummer 5808—factory number) in the Thames Estuary but was rescued. That day, I. Gruppe (1st group) of JG 77 lost seven Bf 109s in combat over southeastern England, with one pilot killed in action and five taken prisoner of war.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2002|pp=96, 107}} Eastern FrontDuring Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, he accumulated further victories and by the end of 1941 his score had increased to 23 aerial victories. After being promoted to an Officers rank he was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 11. Staffel of JG 51 on 20 August 1942, replacing Leutnant Wolfgang Böwing-Treuding who was transferred to 10. Staffel.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=350}} By the end of 1942, his number of aerial aerial victories had increased to 38.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=358}} In 1943, Borchers married the famed skier Christl Cranz.[2] For 78 aerial victories Borchers was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross ({{lang|de|Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes}}).{{sfn|Weal|2006}} On 11 June 1944, he was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) replacing Hauptmann Johannes Wiese who had been injured in combat on 19 May 1944.{{sfn|Weal2004|p=121}} He claimed his 100 aerial victory on 24 July 1944. He was the 86th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.{{sfn|Obermaier|1989|p=243}} His 118th victory claimed on 2 September 1944, is also noted for claiming JG 52 10,000th aerial victory.{{sfn|Weal|2004|p=117}}{{sfn|Bergström|2008|p=79}} Borchers was given command to III. Gruppe of JG 52 on 1 February 1945.{{sfn|Weal2004|p=121}} Together with his comrades he surrendered to US force only to be turned over to Soviet forces. Borchers was officially credited with shooting down 132 enemy aircraft in more than 800 combat missions, the majority were claimed on the Eastern Front and two were claimed in the Battle of France and Battle of Britain together.{{sfn|Spick|1996|p=230}} After World War II he and his wife, Christl Cranz, founded a Ski school which she led until 1987. Summary of careerAerial victory claimsMatthews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and state that Borchers was credited with 132 aerial victories, including two on the Western Front and the others on the Eastern Front.{{sfn|Matthews|Foreman|2014|pp=124–127}} Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ PQ 47764". The Luftwaffe grid map ({{lang|de|Jägermeldenetz}}) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about {{Convert|360|sqmi|sqkm}}. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 × 4 km in size.{{sfn|Planquadrat}} Awards
Notes1. ^For an explanation of the meaning of Luftwaffe unit designation see Organization of the Luftwaffe during World War II. 2. ^{{Sports-reference|cr/christl-cranz-1}} ReferencesCitations{{Reflist|25em}}Bibliography{{Refbegin|30em}}
|last=Bergström |first=Christer |year=2008 |title=Bagration to Berlin—The Final Air Battles in the East: 1944–1945 |location=Burgess Hill |publisher=Classic Publications |isbn=978-1-903223-91-8 |ref=harv }}
|last=Bergström |first=Christer |work=Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat |title= Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website |url= http://www.bergstrombooks.elknet.pl/bc-rs/planquadrat.htm |accessdate=14 February 2019 |ref={{sfnRef|Planquadrat}} }}
|last=Fellgiebel |first=Walther-Peer |authorlink=Walther-Peer Fellgiebel |year=2000 |origyear=1986 |title=Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile |trans-title=The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches |language=German |location=Friedberg, Germany |publisher=Podzun-Pallas |isbn=978-3-7909-0284-6 |ref=harv }}
|last1=Matthews |first1=Andrew Johannes |last2=Foreman |first2=John |year=2014 |title=Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 1 A–F |location=Walton on Thames |publisher=Red Kite |isbn=978-1-906592-18-9 |ref=harv }}
|last=Obermaier |first=Ernst |year=1989 |title=Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945 |language=German |location=Mainz, Germany |publisher=Verlag Dieter Hoffmann |isbn=978-3-87341-065-7 |ref=harv }}
|last1=Patzwall |first1=Klaus D. |last2=Scherzer |first2=Veit |year=2001 |title=Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II |trans-title=The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2 |language=German |location=Norderstedt, Germany |publisher=Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall |isbn=978-3-931533-45-8 |ref=harv }}
|last1=Patzwall |first1=Klaus D. |year=2008 |title=Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg |trans-title=The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War |language=German |location=Norderstedt, Germany |publisher=Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall |isbn=978-3-931533-08-3 |ref=harv }}
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|last1=Prien |first1=Jochen |last2=Stemmer |first2=Gerhard |last3=Rodeike |first3=Peter |last4=Bock |first4=Winfried |year=2003 |title=Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/I—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 |trans-title=The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/I—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941 |language=German |location=Eutin, Germany |publisher=Struve-Druck |isbn=978-3-923457-69-4 |ref=harv }}
|last1=Prien |first1=Jochen |last2=Stemmer |first2=Gerhard |last3=Rodeike |first3=Peter |last4=Bock |first4=Winfried |year=2005 |title=Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/I—Winterkampf im Osten—6 December 1941 bis 30 April 1942 |trans-title=The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/I—Winter War in the East—6 December 1941 to 30 April 1942 |language=German |location=Eutin, Germany |publisher=Struve-Druck |isbn=978-3-923457-76-2 |ref=harv }}
|last1=Prien |first1=Jochen |last2=Stemmer |first2=Gerhard |last3=Rodeike |first3=Peter |last4=Bock |first4=Winfried |year=2006 |title=Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/II—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 |trans-title=The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/II—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943 |language=German |location=Eutin, Germany |publisher=Struve-Druck |isbn=978-3-923457-77-9 |ref=harv }}
|last1=Prien |first1=Jochen |last2=Stemmer |first2=Gerhard |last3=Rodeike |first3=Peter |last4=Bock |first4=Winfried |year=2012 |title=Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/II—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 |trans-title=The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/II—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943 |language=German |location=Eutin, Germany |publisher=Buchverlag Rogge |isbn=978-3-942943-05-5 |ref=harv }}
|last=Scherzer |first=Veit |year=2007 |title=Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives |language=German |location=Jena, Germany |publisher=Scherzers Militaer-Verlag |isbn=978-3-938845-17-2 |ref=harv }}
|last=Spick |first=Mike |year=1996 |title=Luftwaffe Fighter Aces |location=New York |publisher=Ivy Books |isbn=978-0-8041-1696-1 |ref=harv }}
|last=Weal |first=John |year=2004 |title=Jagdgeschwader 52: The Experten (Aviation Elite Units) |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-84176-786-4 |ref=harv }}
|last=Weal |first=John |year=2006 |title=Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-84603-045-1 |ref=harv }}{{Refend}}{{Top German World War II Aces}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Aviation | portal2=Biography | portal3=Military of Germany | portal4=World War II }}{{DEFAULTSORT:Borchers, Adolf}} 10 : 1913 births|1996 deaths|People from Lüneburg (district)|Condor Legion personnel|German World War II flying aces|Luftwaffe pilots|Recipients of the Gold German Cross|Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross|German prisoners of war in World War II held by the Soviet Union|People from the Province of Hanover |
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