| 词条 | Adolf von Thadden |
| 释义 |
|honorific_prefix = Count |name = Adolf von Thadden |image = Adolf von Thadden (1969).jpg |image_size = 200px |office = President of the National Democratic Party |term_start = 1967 |term_end = 1971 |predecessor = Friedrich Thielen |successor = Martin Mussgnug |office1 = Member of the Bundestag |constituency1 = Lower Saxony |term_start1 = 15 August 1949 |term_end1 = 6 September 1953 |constituency2 = Lower Saxony |term_start2 = 16 September 1957 |term_end2 = 1959 |office3 = Member of the Bundesrat |constituency3 = Lower Saxony |term_start3 = 7 September 1953 |term_end3 = 15 September 1957 |birth_date = {{Birth date|1921|7|7|df=y}} |birth_place = Gut Trieglaf, Pomerania, Germany |death_date = {{Death date and age|1996|7|16|1921|7|7|df=y}} |death_place = Bad Oeynhausen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany |nationality = German |party = National Socialist German Workers' Party {{small|(1939–1945)}} German Right Party {{small|(1946–1950)}} German Empire Party {{small|(1950–1964)}} National Democratic Party {{small|(1964–1975)}} |occupation = Politician, landowner, undercover agent (MI6) |relatives = Elisabeth von Thadden (half-sister) |religion = |allegiance = {{flag|Nazi Germany}} |branch = {{flagicon image|Balkenkreuz.svg}} Wehrmacht |serviceyears = 1939–1945 |rank = Lieutenant |battles = World War II }}Adolf von Thadden (7 July 1921 – 16 July 1996) was a leading far-right German politician. Born into a leading Pomeranian landowning family – he was born at the noble estate of Gut Trieglaff near Greifenberg in Pomerania – he was the half-brother of Elisabeth von Thadden, a prominent critic of the Nazis who was executed by the Nazi government in September 1944.[1] Early lifeThadden was born into one of Pomerania's oldest Junker families, with his father a prominent local magistrate.[2] He educated at the gymnasium in Greifenberg[3] and subsequently studied agriculture and economics.[2] On 1 September 1939 he became a member of the Nazi Party.[3] He served as a lieutenant with the Wehrmacht in the Second World War, suffering a number of battle injuries during the conflict.[4] A brigade adjutant in the artillery section, he was captured near the end of the war by Polish forces. Thadden later went to court to sue over rumours that he had collaborated with the Poles during his imprisonment. He was successful in his case.[2] He escaped captivity in November 1946 and fled to the British Zone of Occupation, finding work with the British Property Control in Göttingen, where he settled.[2] Political careerAfter the war, Thadden entered politics as a member of the Deutsche Rechtspartei and its successor the Deutsche Reichspartei.[5] As a member of both, he served as a councilman in Göttingen from 1948 to 1958.[4] Elected to the Bundestag in 1949, he was the second youngest member and was thus addressed by an SPD member as 'Bubi', (a nickname that stuck with him).[4] He became the main writer on the party organ Reichsruf, gaining a reputation both for his demagogy and his extensive use of humour and wit.[2] He remained a Bundestag member to 1953 and again from 1955 to 1959, was a Senator from 1952 to 1958 and a member of the Landtag of Lower Saxony from 1956 to 1959.[2] In the 1950s he was befriended by Winifred Wagner, whose grandson Gottfried Wagner later recalled that {{quote|My aunt Friedelind was outraged when my grandmother again slowly blossomed as the first lady of right-wing groups and received political friends such as Edda Goering, Ilse Hess, the former NPD chairman (sic) Adolf von Thadden, Gerdy Troost, the wife of the Nazi architect and friend of Hitler Paul Ludwig Troost, the British fascist leader Oswald Mosley, the Nazi film director Karl Ritter and the racist author and former Senator of the Reich Hans Severus Ziegler."[6]}} Having been deputy to leader Wilhelm Meinberg,[2] Thadden became chairman of the Deutsche Reichspartei in 1961[4] and in this position was one of the signatories of the European Declaration at Venice which set up the National Party of Europe. Thadden was personally close to the British Union Movement leader Oswald Mosley, on whose initiative the NPE was founded, and was attracted to his concept of Europe a Nation.[7] He specifically denied any accusations of neo-Nazism levelled at him, arguing that he was a supporter of conservative nationalism.[4] However, he was frequently labelled a neo-Nazi due to his prominent opposition to the notion of any German guilt for the Second World War.[4] NPDThadden played a leading role in formation of the National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) by merging his party with a number of other rightist groups, including a revived German National People's Party in 1964.[4] He was initially overlooked as leader in favour of Friedrich Thielen of the German Party.[2] Thadden regularly clashed with the more moderate Thielen and both men were involved in several lawsuits against each other, aimed at gaining control of the NPD and ousting their rival from membership.[2] Thadden was eventually appointed chairman in 1967.[4] He moved the party to the right, bringing in policies such as withdrawal from NATO, a return of Danzig to a united Germany, wide-ranging reform of the constitution and possibly a second Anschluss.[2] In one of his more widely reported activities, Thadden accidentally referred to the party as National Socialists rather than National Democrats in a television interview, something that was frequently brought up by critics who accused Thadden and his party of neo-Nazism.[2] He remained leader until 1971, achieving strong showings in regional elections, although the party failed to gain representation in the Bundestag under his leadership (and have never managed to do so).[8] Although a loyal supporter of his successor, Martin Mussgnug, Thadden eventually left the NPD in 1975 after Gerhard Frey, who had previously been a harsh critic of von Thadden, was appointed Federal Administrator of the party.[9] He left active politics in 1974 and worked for a construction firm, although he remained as chief editor of the Deutsche Wochenzeitung into the 1980s.[2] He maintained an interest in publishing for several years and was reported as acting on behalf of the Gesellschaft für freie Publizistik, a far-right journalism organisation linked to the NPD in 1981 and 1982.[2] DeathThadden died on 16 July 1996, in Bad Oeynhausen, at the age of 75. Since Thadden's death it has been claimed that he was a secret agent of the United Kingdom's external security agency, MI6.[10] References1. ^Echoes from an Unhappy Past, Time, 26 September 1969, retrieved 24 June 2009 {{NPD leaders}}{{German far right}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Thadden, Adolf von}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Philip Rees, Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890, Simon & Schuster, 1990, p. 387 3. ^Bergmann, W. (e.a.) (2009) Handbuch des Antisemitismus. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, p. 822 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Louis L. Snyder, Encyclopedia of the Third Reich, Wordsworth, 1998, p. 344 5. ^R. Eatwell, Fascism: A History, London: Pimlico, 2003, p. 281 6. ^Gottfried Wagner, Wer nicht mit dem Wolf heult – Autobiographische Aufzeichnungen eines Wagner-Urenkels (Cologne, 1997), p. 69 (quotation translated from the German) 7. ^Graham Macklin, Very Deeply Dyed in Black, IB Tauris, 2007, p. 90 8. ^P. Ignazi, Extreme Right Parties in Western Europe, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 67 9. ^C.P. Blamires, World Fascism – A Historical Encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO, 2006, p. 658 10. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/aug/13/johnhooper Neo-Nazi leader 'was MI6 agent'], John Hooper, The Guardian, 13 August 2002, retrieved 24 June 2009 14 : 1921 births|1996 deaths|People from Gryfice County|People from the Province of Pomerania|German Nazi politicians|Deutsche Rechtspartei politicians|Deutsche Reichspartei politicians|National Democratic Party of Germany politicians|German military personnel of World War II|Leaders of political parties in Germany|German anti-communists|Members of the Bundestag for Lower Saxony|German nationalists|Members of the Landtag of Lower Saxony |
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