| 词条 | Murder of Evelyn Okubo |
| 释义 |
|image=File:Evelyn_Okubo_headshot_in_Chicago_Tribune.jpg |caption=Photo of Evelyn Okubo |title=Murder of Evelyn Okubo |location=Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |date=July 18, 1970 |convicted=Nobody |}}Evelyn Okubo was a Japanese-American sansei teenager killed during the 1970 convention of the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) at the Palmer House hotel in Chicago. Her 17-year-old roommate, Ranko Carol Yamada, was also severely wounded, yet survived. The murder caused a significant stir within the Japanese-American community, in part because Yamada alleged that the killer was black, just at the height of violence associated with the Black Panther Party.[1] The killer was never found.[2] BackgroundEvelyn Okubo was 18 years old and hailed from the Japanese community of Stockton, California.[3] She and Ranko Carol Yamada had traveled to Chicago as representatives of the Japanese-American youth organization Yellow Seed to the national convention of the JACL, which was then focused on fighting for racial justice and against the war in Vietnam.[3] Prior to the murder, Okubo was believed to have attended racial issue discussion meetings with groups like the Black Panthers and the Young Lords, a Latino community organization with roots as a Chicago turf gang.[4] MurderOn July 17th, 1970, Okubo was murdered, and Yamada was slashed in the throat, in room 725 of the Palmer House hotel.[5] Yamada, though badly wounded, wrote out several messages: "Gory, but it doesn't really hurt," "He was a black man with a natural," and "Don't blame him it was not his fault. There must be absolute peace."[1] When they were discovered about half an hour later by the third JACL attendee sharing the hotel room, both girls had been stripped naked and bound, though neither showed evidence of being raped.[5] Yamada couldn't speak for two weeks after the incident due to her throat injury, but eventually recounted that the attacker had pranced around naked before killing Okubo.[6] AftermathChicago newspapers originally ran sensational stories alleging that Okubo was raped prior to being murdered, and implied that interracial dating on the part of the youth activists was to blame.[1] Meanwhile, two police officers were killed by sniper fire from a housing project that same day, while several police and Panthers had been killed the previous year, which added to the supposition that Okubo was killed by a Panther.[7] According to the Chicago Tribune, police named a man named Lonell Robinson as a prime suspect after he was caught raping and robbing another woman in the same hotel.[8] However, he was later ruled out as a suspect, though in the rape case he was indeed convicted the following year.[9] The newspapers also eventually acknowledged that no rape had been committed in Okubo's case, and though some columnists suspected that racial animus was a motive, this has never been confirmed as the perpetrator was never found.[10] Mabel Okubo, Evelyn's mother, and Carol Yamada later filed a civil suit against the Palmer House, alleging negligence.[11] LegacyThe tragedy of Okubo's murder was the inspiration for Japanese-American songwriter and musician JoAnne Nobuko Miyamoto, another JACL attendee and West Side Story actress, to write her first song. She and fellow musician Chris Iijima began touring Japanese-American communities, advocating interracial reconciliation and activism while raising money to honor Okubo's memory. Ultimately, they would form the band Yellow Pearl (a pun on Yellow Peril) and become a touchstone in Asian-American media.[12] However, many older Japanese-Americans viewed the murder as confirming their suspicions about the dangers of interracial activism by young Japanese-Americans, and despite the fact that no evidence has been found to support the claim, the belief that the crime was committed by a Black Panther remains prevalent in parts of the community.[13] See also
Citations1. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Harden|first1=Jacelyn|title=Double Cross: Japanese Americans in Black and White Chicago|date=2003|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|location=Minneapolis|isbn=9781452905969|page=128|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q8rm39-3rXcC|accessdate=2017-09-13}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Okubo, Evelyn}}2. ^Harden, 129 3. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Nokubo, Miyamoto|authorlink1=Asian Song|editor1-last=Ling|editor1-first=Amy|title=Yellow Light: The Flowering of Asian American Arts|date=1999|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9781566398176|chapter=Images, the Spoken Word, Dance, and Music}} 4. ^ Harden, 129 5. ^1 {{cite court |litigants= Carol Ranko Yamada and Mabel Okubo|opinion=YAMADA v. HILTON HOTEL CORP. |court=Appellate Court of Illinois — First District (3rd Division). |date=1977-12-21 |url=https://www.leagle.com/decision/197716160illapp3d1011143 |accessdate=2017-09-13}} 6. ^{{cite news|title=Bizarre Details Told About Chicago Slasher|url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19700826.2.25|publisher=Desert Sun|date=1970-08-26}} 7. ^{{cite news|last1=Koziol|first1=Ronald|title=Police Note Clews to Murder|url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1970/07/18/page/1/article/snipers-slay-2-policemen|publisher=Chicago Tribune|date=1970-07-18}} 8. ^{{cite news|last1=Leeds|first1=Patricia|title=Suspect in Hotel Rape Held|url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1970/12/01/page/58/article/suspect-in-hotel-rape-held|publisher=Chicago Tribune|date=1970-12-01}} 9. ^{{cite news|title=Conrad Hilton Hotel Rapist Found Guilty|url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1971/02/11/page/9/article/conrad-hilton-hotel-rapist-found-guilty/index.html|accessdate=2017-09-13|publisher=Chicago Tribune|date=1971-02-11}} 10. ^Harden, 129 11. ^{{cite court |litigants= Carol Ranko Yamada and Mabel Okubo|opinion=YAMADA v. HILTON HOTEL CORP. |court=Appellate Court of Illinois — First District (3rd Division). |date=1977-12-21 |url=https://www.leagle.com/decision/197716160illapp3d1011143 |accessdate=2017-09-13}} 12. ^{{cite web|last1=Yamamoto|first1=J.K|title=STILL ONE OF THE SHARKS: NOBUKO MIYAMOTO LOOKS BACK AT ‘WEST SIDE STORY’ 50 YEARS LATER|url=http://www.rafu.com/2011/12/still-one-of-the-sharks-nobuko-miyamoto-looks-back-at-%E2%80%98west-side-story%E2%80%99-50-years-later/|website=The Rafu Shimpo|accessdate=2017-09-13}} 13. ^Harden, 130 11 : 1970 murders in the United States|Asian-American issues|Japanese-American civil rights activists|Japanese-American history|Deaths by person in the United States|History of Chicago|1970 in Illinois|People murdered in Illinois|20th century in Chicago|July 1970 events|Unsolved murders in the United States |
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