| 词条 | Mutange Dam |
| 释义 |
| name = Mutange Dam | name_official = | image = Mutange Dam.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Mutange Dam | image_alt = | location_map = Zimbabwe | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|18|12|26|S|29|14|04|E|display=inline,title}} | country = Zimbabwe | location = Gokwe East, Midlands, Zimbabwe | purpose = Water supply/Irrigation | status = | construction_began = 2010[1] | opening = 2016[2][3] | demolished = | cost = | owner = Ministry of Water Resources and Development (Zimbabwe) | operator = Ministry of Water Resources and Development (Zimbabwe) | dam_type = Earth-filled embankment dam | dam_crosses = Mutange River | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = 4.95 million cubic metres | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | website = | extra = Supplies Gokwe, Mutange Irrigation Scheme and Chisina Township }} Mutange Dam, across Mutange River, is a manmade earth fill embarkment dam located in Chisina Village, 30 km east of Gokwe and 35 km northwest of Empress Mine (by air), in the Midlands Province, of Zimbabwe. Mutange Dam is 42 km by road from Gokwe and 49 km from Empress, 117 km from Kadoma and 146 km from Kwekwe via Empress (147 km via Zhombe Joel). It is owned and operated by the Ministry of Water Resources and Development. BackgroundMutange Dam was constructed mainly to augment fossil borehole water supply to Gokwe Centre.[4] It has a capacity of 4.950 million m³.[5]Initially the estimate cost of construction of the dam was $8,224,504.00 (2010-2014) but because of economic constraints faced by Zimbabwe contraction which took too long to complete, it cost over $130 million due to inflation and other economic and political challenges.[6][7] The dam construction was finally completed in 2016.[8] OperationsThe Mapfungautsi Plateau's Masoro Descent in Gokwe is the main drainage basin for surface runoff into the source tributaries of the Mutange River, that is the escapement southwest of the Mutange Dam. Mutange River has its source right up the plateau just about 1.5 km east of the Kwekwe-Gokwe Highway ({{coord|18.3231|S|29.10681|E|region:ZW_type:landmark|name=Mutange River source|format=dms}}). Mutange River is a tributary of the Sanyati River which drains into the Zambezi River. BeneficiariesMutange dam provides drinking water for both livestock and human beings. Apart from the villagers affected by the dam construction, who had to be resettled elsewhere by the government at about US$1.9 million,[9] the rest of the community welcomed its long term benefits. Mutange Dam Hydro Power StationElectric pumps powered from the up-to-33 kV Mutange Hydro Power Station are set at Mutange Dam to drive raw water for over 30 km to Gokwe town, the dam's chief beneficiary.[10] Locally the power station drives water to Mutange Irrigation Scheme, Chisina Township and the surrounding rural villages. Mutange Irrigation SchemeMutange Dam is in Zimbabwe's Agro-Ecological Region, where the average annual rainfall is 550 mm. Irrigation is therefore a critical investment in the area. Mutange Dam's immediate major beneficiary is the Mutange Irrigation Scheme. Pumping and conveyance systems at Mutange Dam connects the irrigation scheme by a pipeline running 1,500 m to the field edge of the scheme's 134 hectares of arable land.[11] Chisina TownshipChisina Township, named after the Chisina chieftain, 750 m east of Mtange Dam, depends on the dam for water supply. ({{coord|18.20504|S|29.24151|E|region:ZW_type:landmark|name=Chisina Township|format=dms}}) The township is in Mapfungautsi Parliamentary Constituency, Gokwe South District. Modern houses including Chief Chisina's court hall have been built in the village.[12] The building of the court hall might be government approval of the Chisina chieftaincy which has been in limbo for almost 70 years in conflict with the neighbouring Njelele chieftaincy. Originally Gumbero, alias Chisina, had been chief of the better part of the Mapfungautsi area, then Sebungwe East, the area bounded by Ngondoma and Munyati rivers in the east and southeast. These two major natural boundaries separate Gokwe East district from Mashonaland West Province in the east, and Kwekwe District of the Midlands Province in the southeast Chief Chisina's original area of jurisdiction. The Chisina (Gumbero) chieftaincy is traceable as far back to the early 18th century when Chihwechematanda founded it on his arrival from Buhera in the now Mashonaland East Province. The second Chief Gumbero was Mataruka, the third was Makuvidziri, the fourth was Chinengwere and the fifth was Mudyachawaona who was downgraded to a headman under Chief Njelele by the Rhodesian government in the 1940s. The 6th Chief Gumbero, the first to be nicknamed Chief Chisina, was Tendaupenyu. When the then government asked him to identify his boundaries which Chief Njelele had crossed, he claimed, "Ndave nechigaro CHISINA chinhu," meaning, "My throne is left with nothing". From thence he was mocked CHISINA, and he accepted the mock as a way of protest. The Zimbabwean government is yet to amicably solve the Chief Njelele-Chief Chisina conflict.[13] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|work=Infrastructure Development Bank of Zimbabwe (IDBZ)|url=https://www.idbz.co.zw/project-operations/government-projects?page=1|title=Mutange Dam, Gokwe}} {{Dams and Reservoirs}}{{Gokwe South District}}2. ^{{cite web|work=Infrastructure Development Bank of Zimbabwe (IDBZ)|url=https://www.idbz.co.zw/project-operations/completed/mutange-dam|title=Project Summary}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.idbz.co.zw/project-operations/government-projects/completed-projects|title=Completed Projects | work=Infrastructure Development Bank of Zimbabwe (IDBZ): Mutange Dam}} 4. ^{{cite web|date=February 2014|url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/826991468335974436/pdf/E44740AFR00ESM00Box382170B00PUBLIC0.pdf|title=Govt Document E4474, HSBC Environment and Social Management Framework, Chapter 4.2.1 Hydrology page 56|work=World Bank|access-date=3 October 2018}} 5. ^{{cite web|author=Dr. G. Gono|date=May 2005|url=http://www.rbz.co.zw/assets/agriculture-vision-2007.pdf|title=Drought Mitigation and Resuscitation Policies for the Agricultural Sector in Zimbabwe; Supplement 2 of 3 to the 1st Quarter Monetary Policy Statement|work= Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe|page= 65| access-date=3 October 2018}} 6. ^{{cite web|author= M Chiri|date=1 November 2011|url=http://www.auditorgeneral.gov.zw/index.php/reports/category/1-special-audited-reports?download=9:specialauditedreports-management-of-dam-construction-and-water-supply-projects|title=Report of the Comptroller and Auditor-General on the Management of Dam Construction and Water Supply Projects by the Zimbabwe Water Authority, Presented to Parliament of Zimbabwe in 2011. Table 3: Delay in completion of projects|publisher=Zimbabwe Government|access-date=3 October 2018}} 7. ^{{cite web|work=All Africa News|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200207220386.html|title=Zimbabwe: New Multi-Million-Dollar Dam to End Gokwe Water Woes|access-date=3 October 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web|author=ZINWA|date=6 August 2018|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/zinwawater/status/1017702428827881472/photo/1|title=This is Mutange Dam in Gokwe.|quote=It was completed in 2016 and will provide irrigation water to communities. Construction of the water conveyance works at the dam is underway. The dam will certainly improve many livelihoods in Gokwe.|publisher=Twitter|access-date=3 October 2018}} 9. ^{{cite web|author=Minister of Finance|date=2014|url=http://www.veritaszim.net/sites/veritas_d/files/2015%20Zimbabwe%20National%20Budget%20Statement_0.pdf|title=2015 Zimbabwe National Budget Statement, Article 796, page 177: Presented to Parliament on 27 November, 2014 by Hon. P. A. Chinamasa, Minister of Finance and Economic Development.|work=Veritas Zimbabwe|access-date=3 October 2018}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.l2b.co.za/Tender/Mutange-Dam-Pump-Station-Electrification-/324123|title=Tender Details Mutange Dam Pump Station Electrification|website=l2b.co.za|access-date=3 October 2018}} 11. ^{{cite web|author=Primrose Nyanzero|date=October 25, 2017|url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/concrete-laid-for-gwayi-shangani-dam/|title=Concrete laid for Gwayi-Shangani Dam|work=The Chronicle|accessdate= 8 August 2018}} 12. ^{{cite web|date=24 June 2018|url=http://www.zbc.co.zw/major-facelift-for-gokwe/|work=Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=5 October 2018|title=Major facelift for Gokwe}} 13. ^{{cite web|author=Edith Karimanzira|url=http://saspjournals.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/SJAHSS-512C1896-1903.pdf|work=Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences|date=December 2017|page=1896-1903|title=Understanding the Emergence and Solving of Protracted Social Conflicts in Zimbabwe: the Case of Gumbero/Chisina – Njelele Chieftainship Conflict 1940 - 2015|access-date=6 October 2018}} 3 : Dams in Zimbabwe|Dams completed in 2016|Embankment dams |
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