| 词条 | Muzaffar ul-Mulk |
| 释义 |
|name = Muzaffar ul-Mulk |image = Picture_of_H.H_Muzaffar_ul-Mulk_as_Mehtar_of_Chitral.jpg |image_size = |caption = |birth_name = |birth_date = 1901 |birth_place = Chitral |death_date = 1949 |resting_place = Chitral Fort |title = The Mehtar of Chitral |tenure = 1943-1949 |other_titles = His Highness Cdt. Chitral State Bodyguards Hon. Col Cdt. Chitral State Scouts Hon. Lieut Col. British Indian Army Hon. Lieut Col. Pakistan Army |residence = The Royal Fort at Chitral |nationality = |locality = |years_active = |wars_and_battles =Third Anglo-Afghan War Siege of Skardu Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 |royal_house =Katoor Dynasty |known_for = |predecessor = Mehtar Nasir ul-Mulk |heir = |successor = Mehtar Saif-ur-Rehman }}His Highness Muzaffar ul-Mulk (6 October 1901 – 12 January 1949) was the Mehtar of Chitral who reigned from 1943 to 1949.[1][2][3][4][5] He took the important decision of Chitrals accession to Pakistan Life prior to accessionMuzaffar ul-Mulk was born on 6 October 1901. He was the second son of Mehtar Sir Shuja ul-Mulk.[13][14] He was given over for foster care at a young age and spent the early part of his childhood at his foster home.[15] He received education from Islamia College Peshawar, ultimately ending up with an F.A.[16][17] During the Anglo-Afghan War of 1919 he served with the Chitral State Bodyguards under the command of his brother Nasir ul-Mulk, in fending off the Afghan attack.[18] In 1924 he returned to Chitral and became the Chief Secretary to his father Mehtar Shuja ul-Mulk.[19] In 1930 he became the administrator of Torkhow region in Chitral. The designation was formally termed the Governor of Torkhow. In 1939 he accompanied Nasir ul-Mulk on pilgrimage to Mecca. Meanwhile Muzaffar was to retain his administrative post until his unforeseen accession as Mehtar in 1943.[20][21][22] On 29 July 1943 Mehtar Nasir ul-Mulk died of a stroke.[23] He had two daughters but no son’s.[24] As fate would have it, he died without leaving a natural heir. Thus the seat of power passed on to Muzaffar ul-Mulk, who was the Mehtars immediate younger brother.[25][26] The Political Agent Malakand came to Chitral and formally recognised the new ruler.[27] Reign (1943-1949)After his accession as Mehtar, Muzaffar ul-Mulk embarked on an initiative to replace the existing administration, with his own appointees. He established a separate office for the Wazir-e-Azam Chitral and delegated to the office many administrative functions.[28] In January 1944, the British Government presented Muzaffar ul-Mulk with a gift of 4 large cannons and 106 Martini–Henry Rifles.[29] By this period Muzaffars health had steadily declined, in May 1946 it was discovered that the reason for his ailing health was diabetes. The effect of this reflected itself in his administration, which grew inoperative. By early 1947 large scale protests were held across the state, which entailed the Political Agent Malakand to come to Chitral and persuade the ailing Mehtar to dismiss some of the officials who’s negligence had contributed to the situation. Some of the legitimate demands of the protesters were acceded to, resulting in the protests fading.[30] In early 1947 it was clear that it was a matter of time before the British would leave the subcontinent and two independent sovereign states would emerge. Conscious of this, Muzaffar ul-Mulk sent a delegate to Muhammad Ali Jinnah to convey that he wholeheartedly supported the cause of Pakistan and would in due time exercising his right under the Indian Independence Act 1947 accede to Pakistan. He also deposited Rs 40,000 into Mr Jinnahs Pakistan Fund.[31][32][33][34] In May 1947 Indian Secretary for Frontier and Tribal Affairs visited Chitral. Muzaffar ul-Mulk conveyed to him Chitrals plans of acceding to Pakistan and asked that the intention be formally conveyed to the authorities.[35][36][37] Chitral became the first princely state to announce that it would accede to Pakistan. Although formal accession and signing of the Instrument of Accession occurred in November 1947.[38][39][40][41] Thus Chitral became a part of Pakistan and a constitutional monarchy.[42][43][44] Meanwhile it became clear that the Maharaja of Kashmir desired to accede to India. Considering this a betrayal of the Muslim majority populace of Kashmir, Muzaffar telegraphically conveyed to Maharaja Hari Singh that such a decision would provoke aggression from Chitral.[45] With the endorsement of Muzaffar ul-Mulk many mujahideen left Chitral to fight a jihad in Kashmir and be part of the conflict which had arisen. The jihadists were followed by the Bodyguards and the Chitral Scouts lead by Mata ul-Mulk and Burhan-ud-Din. The Chitral forces fought for 4 months laying Siege to Skardu and returning with triumph.[46][47][48] Titles and Honours
DeathOn January 12, 1949 Muzaffar ul-Mulk collapsed to his illness and died.[49][50] He was succeeded by his eldest son Saif-ur-Rehman as Mehtar.[51][52][53][54] References1. ^{{Cite book|title=Central Asia, Issues 3-4|publisher=Area Study Centre|location=University of Michigan}} 2. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=pErODQAAQBAJ&pg=PA197&dq=muzaffar+ul+mulk+chitral&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjE4N_kjr_SAhUGOxoKHRFsDWEQ6AEIMDAG#v=onepage&q=muzaffar%20ul%20mulk%20chitral&f=false|title=The Statesman's Year-Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1949|last=Steinberg|first=S.|date=2016-12-28|publisher=Springer|year=|isbn=9780230270787|location=|pages=197|language=en}} 3. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=KaBCAAAAIAAJ&q=muzaffar+ul+mulk&dq=muzaffar+ul+mulk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiXkOjgjL_SAhWBtBoKHdyPD2EQ6AEIJjAD|title=Memoranda on the Indian States|last=|first=|date=1939-01-01|publisher=Manager of Publications.|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=208|language=en}} 4. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=dXUMAQAAMAAJ&q=muzaffar+ul+mulk+1947&dq=muzaffar+ul+mulk+1947&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFrrX_kb_SAhUCuBoKHaa4AWIQ6AEIKzAF|title=Proceedings of the Third International Hindu Kush Cultural Conference|last=Israr-ud-Din|first=|date=2008-01-01|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=|isbn=9780195798890|location=|pages=339|language=en}} 5. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=J9Wu86PvaKsC&q=muzaffar+ul+mulk+chitral&dq=muzaffar+ul+mulk+chitral&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj626ySob_SAhWCchoKHQzYDGE4MhDoAQgiMAM|title=The London Gazette|last=|first=|date=1947-01-01|publisher=H.M. 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Stationery Office|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=5070|language=en}} 23. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=kj9uAAAAMAAJ&q=nasir+ul+mulk+1943+died&dq=nasir+ul+mulk+1943+died&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjdne6snr_SAhUBAxoKHS9-BmIQ6AEIFzAA|title=Hindu Kush study series|last=Baig|first=Rahmat Karim|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=49–51|language=en}} 24. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=2eRAAQAAIAAJ&q=muzaffar+ul+mulk+chitral&dq=muzaffar+ul+mulk+chitral&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiBqa7wnL_SAhVD6xoKHSrQDGE4ChDoAQgiMAM|title=Appalachia|last=|first=|date=2008-01-01|publisher=Appalachian Mountain Club|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=66 and 67|language=en}} 25. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=WD0WAQAAMAAJ&q=nasir+ul+mulk+1943+died&dq=nasir+ul+mulk+1943+died&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjdne6snr_SAhUBAxoKHS9-BmIQ6AEIJDAD|title=Indian Information|last=|first=|date=1943-01-01|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=152|language=en}} 26. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=0x8PAQAAIAAJ&q=muzaffar+ul+mulk+chitral&dq=muzaffar+ul+mulk+chitral&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiBqa7wnL_SAhVD6xoKHSrQDGE4ChDoAQgsMAU|title=The Story of Swat|last=Swat)|first=Sir Abdul Wadud (Wali of|last2=K̲h̲ān̲|first2=Muḥammad Āṣif|date=1963-01-01|publisher=Ferezsons|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=142|language=en}} 27. ^{{Cite book|title=Nayi Tarikh-e-Chitral|last=Ghufran|first=Mirza Muhammad|publisher=Public Art Press|year=1962|isbn=|location=Peshawar|pages=440|translator-last=Murtaza|translator-first=Ghulam}} 28. ^{{Cite book|title=Nayi Tarikh-e-Chitral|last=Ghufran|first=Mirza Muhammad|publisher=Public Art Press|year=1962|isbn=|location=Peshawar|pages=440|translator-last=Murtaza|translator-first=Ghulam}} 29. ^{{Cite book|title=Nayi Tarikh-e-Chitral|last=Ghufran|first=Mirza Muhammad|publisher=Public Art Press|year=1962|isbn=|location=Peshawar|pages=440|translator-last=Murtaza|translator-first=Ghulam}} 30. ^{{Cite book|title=Nayi Tarikh-e-Chitral|last=Ghufran|first=Mirza Muhammad|publisher=Public Art Press|year=1962|isbn=|location=Peshawar|pages=441|translator-last=Murtaza|translator-first=Ghulam}} 31. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=nzivCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA81&dq=chitral+instrument+of+accession&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6kfPoysHSAhXJAxoKHR45C9o4ChDoAQgsMAU#v=onepage&q=chitral%20instrument%20of%20accession&f=false|title=State and Nation-Building in Pakistan: Beyond Islam and Security|last=Long|first=Roger D.|last2=Singh|first2=Gurharpal|last3=Samad|first3=Yunas|last4=Talbot|first4=Ian|date=2015-10-08|publisher=Routledge|year=|isbn=9781317448204|location=|pages=81|language=en}} 32. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=t_9tAAAAMAAJ&q=muzaffar+ul+mulk&dq=muzaffar+ul+mulk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiblPGRyMHSAhUEtRoKHVEECrY4ChDoAQgzMAU|title=Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah Papers: The States : historical and policy perspectives and accession to Pakistan|last=Zaidi|first=Z. H.|last2=Project|first2=Quaid-i-Azam Papers|date=1993-01-01|publisher=Quaid-i-Azam Papers Project, National Archives of Pakistan|year=|isbn=9789698156138|location=|pages=6|language=en}} 33. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=pIsMAQAAMAAJ&q=chitral+instrument+of+accession&dq=chitral+instrument+of+accession&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj19c7kycHSAhUERhQKHQJ6Dm4Q6AEIPDAI|title=Swat State (1915-1969) from Genesis to Merger: An Analysis of Political, Administrative, Socio-political, and Economic Development|last=Sultan-i-Rome|first=|date=2008-01-01|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=|isbn=9780195471137|location=|pages=158|language=en}} 34. ^{{Cite book|title=Nayi Tarikh-e-Chitral|last=Ghufran|first=Mirza Muhammad|publisher=Public Art Press|year=1962|isbn=|location=Peshawar|pages=441|translator-last=Murtaza|translator-first=Ghulam}} 35. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=l8QTAAAAIAAJ&q=chitral+instrument+of+accession&dq=chitral+instrument+of+accession&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6kfPoysHSAhXJAxoKHR45C9o4ChDoAQgkMAM|title=Asian Recorder|last=|first=|date=1956-01-01|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=885|language=en}} 36. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=PzdvrgEACAAJ&dq=chitral+instrument+of+accession&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6kfPoysHSAhXJAxoKHR45C9o4ChDoAQgxMAY|title=A Princely Affair: The Accession and Integration of the Princely States of Pakistan, 1947-1955|last=Bangash|first=Yaqoob Khan|date=2015-01-01|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199066490|language=en}} 37. ^{{Cite book|title=Nayi Tarikh-e-Chitral|last=Ghufran|first=Mirza Muhammad|publisher=Public Art Press|year=1962|isbn=|location=Peshawar|pages=441|translator-last=Murtaza|translator-first=Ghulam}} 38. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=8cPvqCNy8zsC&q=muzaffar+ul+mulk+jinnah&dq=muzaffar+ul+mulk+jinnah&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjj5_P7yMHSAhWL2BoKHYpHCmEQ6AEIKzAE|title=Pakistan|last=Wilcox|first=Wayne Ayres|date=1963-01-01|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=230|language=en}} 39. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=1t0TAAAAIAAJ&q=chitral+instrument+of+accession&dq=chitral+instrument+of+accession&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj19c7kycHSAhUERhQKHQJ6Dm4Q6AEIGTAA|title=Pakistan|last=|first=|date=1955-01-01|publisher=Pakistan Publications|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=270|language=en}} 40. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=4ngMAQAAMAAJ&q=chitral+instrument+of+accession&dq=chitral+instrument+of+accession&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj19c7kycHSAhUERhQKHQJ6Dm4Q6AEIJjAD|title=Back to the Future: The Khanate of Kalat and the Genesis of Baloch Nationalism, 1915-1955|last=Axmann|first=Martin|date=2008-01-01|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=|isbn=9780195476453|location=|pages=272|language=en}} 41. ^{{Cite book|title=Nayi Tarikh-e-Chitral|last=Ghufran|first=Mirza Muhammad|publisher=Public Art Press|year=1962|isbn=|location=Peshawar|pages=442|translator-last=Murtaza|translator-first=Ghulam}} 42. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=lMzkAAAAMAAJ&q=chitral+instrument+of+accession&dq=chitral+instrument+of+accession&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj19c7kycHSAhUERhQKHQJ6Dm4Q6AEIPzAJ|title=The Bihar information|last=|first=|date=1965-01-01|publisher=Director of Public Relations|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=8|language=en}} 43. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=9jINAAAAIAAJ&q=chitral+instrument+of+accession&dq=chitral+instrument+of+accession&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6kfPoysHSAhXJAxoKHR45C9o4ChDoAQgdMAE|title=The Crisis in Perspective|last=|first=|date=1965-01-01|publisher=G.P.|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=11|language=en}} 44. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=A5XRAAAAMAAJ&q=chitral+instrument+of+accession&dq=chitral+instrument+of+accession&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6kfPoysHSAhXJAxoKHR45C9o4ChDoAQggMAI|title=Indian and Foreign Review|last=|first=|date=1965-01-01|publisher=Publications Division of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=9|language=en}} 45. ^{{Cite book|title=Nayi Tarikh-e-Chitral|last=Ghufran|first=Mirza Muhammad|publisher=Public Art Press|year=1962|isbn=|location=Peshawar|pages=442–443|translator-last=Murtaza|translator-first=Ghulam}} 46. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=e6TjAAAAMAAJ&q=mata+ul+mulk&dq=mata+ul+mulk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjzz-qO_8TSAhUF7hoKHcVqAUUQ6AEIHzAC|title=Pakistan's Criminal Folly in Kashmir: The Drama of Accession and Rescue of Ladakh|last=Chibber|first=Manohar Lal|date=1998-01-01|publisher=Manas Publications|year=|isbn=9788170490951|location=|pages=138|language=en}} 47. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=TqTjAAAAMAAJ&q=mata+ul+mulk&dq=mata+ul+mulk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjJ3e-m_8TSAhXLXhoKHabEA9c4ChDoAQglMAM|title=The battles of Zojila, 1948|last=Bloeria|first=Sudhir S.|date=1997-12-31|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=72|language=en}} 48. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=UDodAAAAMAAJ&q=mata+ul+mulk&dq=mata+ul+mulk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjJ3e-m_8TSAhXLXhoKHabEA9c4ChDoAQgtMAU|title=Debacle in Baltistan|last=Mahajan|first=Skumar|date=1973-01-01|publisher=sole distributors] A. K. Corporation, New Delhi|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=107 and 148|language=en}} 49. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=godxAAAAMAAJ&q=muzaffar+ul+mulk+1949&dq=muzaffar+ul+mulk+1949&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjH09TVw8HSAhUCfRoKHRHrB7YQ6AEIFzAA|title=Central Asia|last=|first=|date=1979-01-01|publisher=Area Study Centre (Central Asia), University of Peshawar.|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=44|language=en}} 50. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=0x8PAQAAIAAJ&q=muzaffar+ul+mulk+1949&dq=muzaffar+ul+mulk+1949&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjH09TVw8HSAhUCfRoKHRHrB7YQ6AEIIDAC|title=The Story of Swat|last=Swat)|first=Sir Abdul Wadud (Wali of|last2=K̲h̲ān̲|first2=Muḥammad Āṣif|date=1963-01-01|publisher=Ferezsons|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=142|language=en}} 51. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=WV86AQAAIAAJ&q=saif+ur+rehman+chitral&dq=saif+ur+rehman+chitral&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicm8WVxMHSAhVGfRoKHRKABLUQ6AEIHjAC|title=The Statesman's Year-book|last=Martin|first=Frederick|last2=Keltie|first2=Sir John Scott|last3=Renwick|first3=Isaac Parker Anderson|last4=Epstein|first4=Mortimer|last5=Steinberg|first5=Sigfrid Henry|last6=Paxton|first6=John|date=1955-01-01|publisher=St. Martin's Press|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=213|language=en}} 52. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=-s0zAAAAMAAJ&q=saif+ur+rehman+chitral&dq=saif+ur+rehman+chitral&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicm8WVxMHSAhVGfRoKHRKABLUQ6AEILzAG|title=Nalanda Yearbook and Who's who in India and Pakistan: An Indian and International Annual of Current Statistics, Events and Personalities|last=|first=|date=1951-01-01|publisher=Nalanda Press|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=641|language=en}} 53. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=B1BaAAAAIAAJ&q=saif+ur+rehman+chitral&dq=saif+ur+rehman+chitral&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicm8WVxMHSAhVGfRoKHRKABLUQ6AEIPDAJ|title=The Table|last=|first=|date=1949-01-01|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=105|language=en}} 54. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=Ng3Ap3gOD8wC&q=saif+ur+rehman+chitral&dq=saif+ur+rehman+chitral&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjGipzTxMHSAhWBiRoKHfOFCr44ChDoAQgWMAA|title=The Constituent Assembly (Legislature) of Pakistan Debate: Official Report|last=|first=|date=1953-01-01|publisher=Manager of Publications|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=84|language=en}} 8 : 1901 births|Mehtars of Chitral|Islamia College University alumni|Salute states|North-West Frontier Province|1949 deaths|Princely rulers of Pakistan|Nawabs of Pakistan |
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