| 词条 | Mytilaster minimus |
| 释义 |
| taxon = Mytilaster minimus | image = Naturalis Biodiversity Center - ZMA.MOLL.412796 - Mytilaster minimus (Poli, 1795) - Mytilidae - Mollusc shell.jpeg | image_caption = Museum specimens of shells of Mytilaster minimus | authority = (Poli, 1795)[1] | synonyms =
| synonyms_ref = [1] }} Mytilaster minimus, the dwarf mussel or variable mussel, is a species of mussel from sea and brackish waters of the Mediterranean Sea. DescriptionThe shell of Mytilaster minimus has a smooth and glossy surface which is marked with faint growth rings. The exterior colour of the shell is reddish brown, the inside is pearly. The shell has an elongated shape, with the apex located at one end and a reduced hinge which has no teeth. The length of the shell measures 10-12mm.[2] Distribution and BiologyMytilaster minimus is distributed throughout the Mediterranean Sea[2] and is also found off Gran Canaria and Tenerife in the Canary Islands[3] It forms colonies on hard substrates in coastal waters and in brackish water such as coastal lagoons.[4] This species can colonise rather oligotrophic areas but in more eutrophic regions the larger Mediterranean edible mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis can be found among and, in places displace M. minimus.[5] The whelk Stramonita haemastoma is an important predator of M. minimus but where the invasive Lesspesian migrant Brachidontes pharaonis is found, the whelk prefers to prey on that species over the native bivalves and barnacles.[6]ThreatsMytilaster minimus is threatened by the invasive Brachidontes pharaonis which is displacing it in many areas of theMediterranean. The invasive mussel is better able to tolerate higher temperatures and salinities than M. minimus, and in recent years average water temperatures in the Mediterranean have been increasing. B. pharaonis interferes with the recruitment of M. minimus and has a detrimental affect on its survival and growth. In some area of Israel M. minimus is now rarely encountered[7] M. minimus is not tolerant of pollution and this can cause colonies to disappear.[5]References1. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140478 | title = Mytilaster minimus (Poli, 1795) | accessdate = 31 December 2016 | publisher = World Registry of Marine Species}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q13871836}}2. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://www.transitionalwaters.unile.it/schede/benthos/mitilaster.pdf | title = Mytilaster minimus (Poli, 1795) (in Italian) | accessdate = 31 December 2016 | publisher = www.transitionalwaters.unile.it}} 3. ^{{cite web | url = http://proyectos.ignos.net/centinela/especie/E04566/informe | title = Mytilaster minimus Almejillón enano | accessdate = 31 December 2016 | publisher =- Gobiernio de Canarias}} 4. ^{{cite journal | author1 = Artemis Nicolaidou | author2 = Konstantinos Petrou | author3 = Konstantinos Ar. Kormas | author4 = Sofia Reizopoulou | year = 2006 | title = Inter-annual variability of soft bottom macrofaunal communities in two Ionian Sea lagoons | url = http://users.uoa.gr/~anikol/papers%20pdf/43%20Interannual%20variability%20in%20lagoons.pdf | journal = Hydrobiologia | volume = 555 | pages = 89–98}} 5. ^1 {{cite book | editor = Giuseppe Colombo | title = Marine Eutrophication and Population Dynamics: 25th European Marine Biology Symposium, Institute of Zoology, University of Ferrara | year = 1992 | publisher = Olsen & Olsen | isbn = 8785215198 | chapter = Coastal eutrophication and settlement of musselbeds in NW Sicily: remarks on their significance | author1 = Silvano Riggio | author2 = Giovanni D'Anna | author3 = M. Pia Sparla}} 6. ^{{cite journal | author1 = A. Giacoletti | author2 = A. Rinaldi | author3 = M. Mercurio | author4 = S. Mirto | author5 = G. Sarà | year = 2016 | title = Local consumers are the first line to control biological invasions: a case of study with the whelk Stramonita haemastoma (Gastropoda: Muricidae) | journal = Hydrobiologia | volume = 772 | pages = 117–129}} 7. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/109127 | title = Brachidontes pharaonis | accessdate = 30 December 2016 | publisher = cabi.org|work = The Invasive Species Compendium}} 2 : Mytilidae|Bivalves described in 1795 |
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