“Möller Stomo 3”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Möller Stomo 3 was a small, low-powered but very aerodynamically-clean light aircraft, first flown in Germany in 1939. It set two speed over distance records for aircraft with engines of less than {{convert|2|l|cuin|abbr=on}} capacity soon after its first flight.

Design

By early 1939 H.G. Möller Flugzeugbau had tested a small, single seat, cantilever, inverted gull wing sports aircraft of striking aerodynamic cleanliness. Though its Kroeber M-4 flat twin engine produced only {{convert|18|hp|kW|abbr=on|order=flip}}, the Stomo-3 had a maximum speed of {{convert|152|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on}}. At the same time the company was completing a smaller span single-seater in the same clean style but with a {{convert|50|hp|kW|abbr=on|order=flip}} Zündapp 9-092 four cylinder air-cooled, inverted inline engine labelled V11 Stürmer.^[2]

The Stomo 3 was an all wood aircraft, designed to be simple to build without specialist tools and to have low capital and running costs, together with good performance and aerobatic capability. Its low wing was in three parts: a {{convert|1.80|m|ftin|abbr=on}} centre section with anhedral, improving the wing root aerodynamics, and outer panels with about 6° of dihedral, producing the inverted gull wing. Structurally, the single spar centre section was an integral part of the plywood-skinned fuselage and cockpit and the outer panels were also built around single spars and wooden ribs, with ply-covered leading edges back to the spars and fabric covered aft. Each wing was trapezoidal in plan, with sweep only on the leading edges and with rounded tips. Short, broad ailerons were placed at the tips and mounted on false spars, as were the inboard split flaps.^[2]

It had an oval section, monocoque fuselage with formers, stringers and ply skin. The Zundapp engine was neatly cowled in the nose and the enclosed cockpit was over the wing, blended into the raised fuselage behind it which tapered to a conventional, cantilever empennage. An almost triangular tailplane carried rounded elevators and the straight-edged fin carried a broad, deep, rounded rudder well clear of the elevator wash. The rudder had a small, ground-adjustable trim tab.^[2]

The Stomo 3 had a tailskid undercarriage with a track of {{convert|1.63|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, its vertical, bungee-damped main legs mounted on the wing centre section spar, close to the junction with the outer panels. The legs and much of the wheels were enclosed in fairings and a long, cantilever tailskid kept the rudder clear of the ground.^[2]

Operational history

The first Stomo 3 left the factory in April 1939 and obtained its Certificate of Airworthiness following some hours of optimisation after its first flight.^[2] Registered as D-YNER, it was soon setting new record speeds over the distances recognised for aircraft with engines of less than {{convert|2|l|cuin|abbr=on}}, {{convert|100|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}} and {{convert|1000|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}}. On 19 April Max Brandenburg broke the first with an average speed of {{convert|185.352|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on}} despite strong side winds on his out and return flight. On the 27 April he completed a 1000 km circuit at an average of {{convert|187.776|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on}}.^[2]^[8]

In 1939 the Stomo 3 was under consideration as a military trainer,^[9] though there is no record of serial production or of any service prototypes.

Möller also designed and built the Möller Stromer, a similar two seat aircraft.^[10]

Variants

Specifications (Stomo 3 Stürmer)

|genhide=
|crew=One
|length m=5.90
|length note=
|span m=7.60
|span note=
|height m=1.60
|height note=
|wing area sqm=9.60
|wing area sqft=
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=205
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=330
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight lb=
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity={{convert|50|l|impgal USgal|abbr=on}}
|more general=

|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=Zündapp 9-092
|eng1 type=4-cylinder air-cooled, inverted inline
|eng1 hp=53
|eng1 note=maximum; {{convert|50|hp|kW|order=flip|abbr=on}} at 2,300 rpm
|more power=
|prop blade number=2
|prop name=Schwarz
|prop dia m=1.70
|prop dia note=wood

|perfhide=
|max speed kmh=215
|max speed note=
|cruise speed kmh=210
|cruise speed mph=
|cruise speed kts=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed kts=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed kts=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed mph=
|minimum control speed kts=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=
|range miles=
|range nmi=
|range note=
|endurance=
|ceiling m=5200
|ceiling note=practical
|g limits=
|roll rate=
|glide ratio=
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=182 s to {{convert|1000|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|sink rate ms=
|sink rate ftmin=
|sink rate note=
|lift to drag=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass=
|more performance=
}}

References

1. ^¹²³{{cite book |last=Nowarra |first=Heinz J. |title=Die Deutsche Luftruestung 1933-1945 Vol.4 – Flugzeugtypen MIAG-Zeppelin |year=1993 |publisher=Bernard & Graefe Verlag |location=Koblenz |isbn=3-7637-5468-7 |language=German}}
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{cite journal |last=Frachet |first=André |date=15 June 1939|title=Le monoplace léger "Möller Stürmer-V"|journal=Les Ailes|issue=939 |pages=9|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65546997/f9 }}
3. ^¹{{cite journal |last= |first= |authorlink= |date=22 June 1939 |title=La biplace Léger S.E.C.A.T.-VI "La Mouette"|journal=Les Ailes|issue=940 |pages=9|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6554700f/f9}}
4. ^¹{{cite journal|date=22 June 1939|title=A Civil Selection|journal= Flight|volume=XXXV |issue=1591 |pages=318 |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1939/1939%20-%201916.html }}

Design

Operational history

Variants

Specifications (Stomo 3 Stürmer)

References