词条 | Names inscribed on the Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| name = Equestrian Statue of Frederick the Great | image = Berlin, Mitte, Unter den Linden, Reiterstandbild Friedrich II.jpg | caption = | location = | coordinates = {{Coord|52|31|02|N|13|23|34|E|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = | map_caption = | height ={{convert|13.5|m|ft|sp=us}}{{plainlist}} Statue of Frederick–{{convert|5.66|m|ft|sp=us}} Plinth –{{convert|7.84|m|ft|sp=us}} | beginning_label = | beginning_date = | restored = | sculptor = Christian Daniel Rauch | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | visitation_ref = | governing_body = | designation1 = | designation1_date = | designation1_type = | designation1_criteria = | designation1_number = | designation1_free1name = | designation1_free1value = | designation1_free2name = | designation1_free2value = | designation2 = | designation2_date = | designation2_free1name = | designation2_free1value = | designation3 = | designation3_offname = | designation3_date = | designation3_number = | designation4 = | designation4_date = | designation4_number = | designation5 = | designation5_date = | designation5_type = | website = }} The Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great is an outdoor sculpture in cast bronze at the east end of Unter den Linden in Berlin, Germany honoring King Frederick II of Prussia. It was designed in 1839 by Christian Daniel Rauch and unveiled in 1851. It was commissioned by Frederick's great nephew, Frederick William III and dedicated by Frederick's great-great nephew, Frederick William IV. Depicted on the statue are the four cardinal virtues, several important scenes from Frederick's life, and statues of men important to the founding of the Prussian state. Beneath the statues bronze plaques list the names of military men, philosophers, mathematicians, poets, statesmen, engineers, and others important in Prussia's emergence as a military power in the mid-18th century. Description and location{{see|Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great}}The monument is {{convert|13.5|m|ft|sp=us}} tall. The statue of Frederick, {{convert|5.66|m|ft|sp=us}} tall, depicts the King in military uniform and an ermine-trimmed cloak, wearing his decorations and his bicorne hat. In his left hand, he holds the reins of his horse's bridle, and in his right, he holds his walking stick/sword.[1] The statue itself is also mounted on an unusually tall pedestal, or plinth, {{convert|7.84|m|ft|sp=us}}.[1] SculpturesThe upper section sculpted band, immediately below the statue of the King, shows in bas-relief the King's life and is garnished at the corners with emblems of the four cardinal virtues.[2] The middle band depicts 74 men of Frederick the Great's time in life-size; some, such as the figure of his brother August, are free standing; others are depicted in high relief. A few, including James Keith, are in bas-relief. Like the first band, four figures mounted on horseback stand at the corners: Frederick's brother, Henry, Charles Wilhelm Ferdinand, Prince of Braunschweig, Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz, and Hans Joachim von Zieten.[1] The lowest band lists names of additional key figures from Frederick's reign, pressed in bronze.[1] Relief figuresMountedFour mounted figures stand at the corners of the plinth, immediately below Frederick's statue.[2] Standing, full figuresBetween the mounted figures stand 25 of the key men of Frederick's career. Some of them are full-sized free-standing figures and several are partially carved in relief.[2] The figures represented are predominantly military, but also include six men of note, including diplomats, the Prime Minister of Prussia, jurists, poets, artists, and philosophers.[1] {{legend2|#ffdead| indicates that the names are in bas-relief.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
InscriptionsThe names of Frederick's generals are inscribed on bronze plates, mounted around the plinth.[2] South faceThe south face displays bronze plaques with the names of 25 generals.[1]
North faceThe north face contains the names of 32 of key military figures in Frederick's life. Thirty-two are generals; three are men who contributed significantly to various battles but because of early deaths did not reach the highest military rank.[1]
West faceThe west face includes 14 men who contributed to the Prussian state as diplomats, authors, jurists, architects, painters and poets.[1]
East faceReferencesNote on sourcesMost of this information is derived from the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB) and the Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB) {{de icon}}. ADB is a multi-volume biographical dictionary published from 1875–1912 in Leipzig, by Duncker & Humblot. It has been abbreviated as ADB. The volume (Band) date of publication is in parenthesis and the citation includes page numbers. Similarly, NDB is a multi-volume biographical reference work begun in 1953 and scheduled for completion in 2019. It is the successor to the ADB. The 25 volumes published thus far cover more than 21,800 individuals and families who lived in the German language area. The link takes the reader to the wikisource page(s) used in this compilation. Readers can also consult the ADB directly [https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Allgemeine_Deutsche_Biographie here] and the NDB [https://www.deutsche-biographie.dev here]. When necessary, Anton Balthasar König's Biographisches Lexikon aller Helden und Militärpersonen: Welche sich in preussischen Diensten berühmt gemacht haben (Biographical Dictionary of all those heroes and military figures who have earned fame in the Prussian service), A Wever, 1791, has been consulted. In addition, if several members of a family served during the wars of Frederick the Great, such as the 58 men of the von Kleist family, their full names are linked; otherwise, only one identifying name is used. Citations1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Denkmal König Friedrich II von Preußen,Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt, Berlin, revised 10 April 2014 {{de icon}} {{Commons Category|Reiterstandbild Friedrichs des Großen (Berlin-Mitte)}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Names inscribed on the Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great}}2. ^1 2 3 [https://books.google.de/books?id=bEtDAAAAYAAJ Denkmal König Friedrichs des Großen]. Enthüllt am 31. Mai 1851, Verlag der Deckerschen Geheimen Ober-Hofbuchdruckerei, Berlin 1851 (Reprint Leipzig 1987) 3. ^Anton Balthasar König, Biographisches Lexikon aller Helden und Militärpersonen: Welche sich in preussischen Diensten berühmt gemacht haben (Biographical Dictionary of all those heroes and military figures who have earned fame in the Prussian service), A Wever, 1791. [https://books.google.com/books?id=fE1FAAAAYAAJ v. 4, S. 2] 4. ^Paul Zimmermann,[https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Karl_Wilhelm_Ferdinand&oldid=2499611 Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick Wolfenbeutel]. ADB. Band 15 (1882), S. 272–281. 5. ^Ernst Graf zur Lippe-Weißenfeld, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Heinrich_(Prinz_von_Preu%C3%9Fen)&oldid=2498029 Henry, Prince of Prussia]. ADB. Band 11 (1880), S. 561–568. 6. ^Bernhard von Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Zieten,_Hans_Joachim_von&oldid=2979208 Zieten]. ADB, Band 45 (1900), S. 214–220. 7. ^Lippe-Weißenfeld, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:H%C3%BClsen,_Johann_Dietrich_von&oldid=2527277 Hülsen], ADB, Band 13 (1881), S. 334. 8. ^Lippe-Weißenfeld, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Dieskau,_Karl_von&oldid=2494317 Dieskau]. ADB, Band 5 (1877), S. 147. 9. ^König, Biographisches Lexikon aller Helden und Militärpersonen: T. G-L, A. Wever, 1789, [https://books.google.de/books?id=00xFAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA156#v=onepage&q&f=false pp 157–160]. 10. ^{{cite book|title=L'Allemagne Dynastique, Tome II, Anhalt-Lippe-Wurtemberg|publisher=Laballery |author1=Michel Huberty|author2=Giraud, Alain |author3=Magdelaine, F. |author4=B. | year=1979 | location=France | pages=459–460, 474–478, 499–500| isbn=978-2-901138-02-0}} 11. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Lestwitz,_Hans_Sigismund_von&oldid=2501230 Lestwitz]. ADB, Band 18 (1883), S. 457–458 12. ^Lippe-Weißenfeld [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Belling,_Wilhelm_Sebastian_von&oldid=2489343 Belling]. ADB, Band 2 (1875), S. 312–313 13. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Prittwitz,_Joachim_Bernhard_von&oldid=2504507 Prittwitz-Graffron]. ADB, Band 26 (1888), S. 605–606. 14. ^Richard von Meerheimb, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:August_Wilhelm_(Prinz_von_Preu%C3%9Fen)&oldid=2487713 August Wilhelm, Prinz von Preußen]. ADB, Band 1 (1875), S. 669–671. 15. ^Arnold Dietrich Schaefer [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Keith,_George_Graf&oldid=2499723 James Keith] ADB, Band 15 (1882), S. 551–555. 16. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Platen,_Dubislaw_von&oldid=2504272 Dubislaw von Platen]. ADB, Band 26 (1888), S. 249–251. 17. ^Ferdinand Siebigk. [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Leopold_II._(preu%C3%9Fischer_Generalfeldmarschall)&oldid=2501189 Young Dessauer]. ADB, Band 18 (1883), S. 352–356. 18. ^Ferdinand Spehr, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Friedrich_Franz&oldid=2490318 Friedrich Franz] ADB, Band 7 (1878), S. 505. 19. ^Lippe-Weißenfeld, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Ge%C3%9Fler,_Friedrich_Leopold_Graf_von&oldid=2490668 Geßler]. ADB, Band 9 (1879), S. 95. 20. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Winterfeldt,_Hans_Karl_von&oldid=2509795 Winterfeldt]. ADB, Band 43 (1898), S. 485–490. 21. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Wedell,_Karl_Heinrich_von&oldid=2509088 Wedel]. ADB, Band 41 (1896), S. 410–413. 22. ^Carl Christian Redlich, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Lessing,_Gotthold_Ephraim&oldid=2490558 Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim], ADB, Band 19 (1884), S. 756–802. 23. ^Lippe-Weißenfeld , [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Ferdinand_(Prinz_von_Preu%C3%9Fen)&oldid=2496017 Ferdinand, Prinz von Preußen]. ADB, Band 6 (1877), S. 709. 24. ^Siegfried Isaacsohn, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Finck_von_Finckenstein,_Karl_Wilhelm_Graf&oldid=2495172 Finck von Finckenstein]. ADB, Band 7 (1878), S. 22–25. 25. ^Siebigk, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Leopold_I._(F%C3%BCrst_von_Anhalt-Dessau)&oldid=2539939 Old Dessauer]. ADB, Band 18 (1883), S. 336–352. 26. ^Colmar Grünhagen, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Schlabrendorff,_Ernst_Wilhelm_von&oldid=2506181 Schlabrendorf]. ADB, Band 31 (1890), S. 316–319. 27. ^Poten. [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Schwerin,_Kurd_Christoph_Graf_von&oldid=2507197 Schwerin, Kurd (Kurt) Christoph]. ADB, Band 33 (1891), S. 421–425. 28. ^Georg Friedrich Felix Eberty, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Carmer,_Johann_Heinrich_Casimir_Graf_von&oldid=2491037 Carmer]. ADB, Band 4 (1876), S. 1–3. 29. ^Lippe-Weißenfeld, Richard von Meerheimb. [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Kleist,_Friedrich_Wilhelm_von&oldid=2500008 Frederick William von Kleist (Green Kleist)]. ADB, Band 16 (1882), S. 123–124. 30. ^Moritz Fürstenau, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Graun,_Carl_Heinrich&oldid=2497048 Graun]. ADB, Band 9 (1879), S. 607–609. 31. ^Lippe-Weißenfeld, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Goltz,_Karl_Christoph_Freiherr_von_der&oldid=2496877 Goltz]. ADB, Band 9 (1879), S. 357–358. 32. ^"Kant". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. Accessed 12 March 2017. Carl von Prantl, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Kant,_Immanuel&oldid=2485617 Kant]. ADB, Band 15 (1882), S. 81–97. 33. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Wartenberg,_Hartwig_Karl_von&oldid=2508968 Wartenberg]. ADB Band 41 (1896), S. 193–194. 34. ^Poten [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Linger,_Christian_von&oldid=2501389 Linger]. ADB, Band 18 (1883), S. 709–710. 35. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Lehwaldt,_Hans_von&oldid=2501105 Lehwalt]. ADB, Band 18 (1883), S. 166–167. 36. ^Lippe-Weißenfeld, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Ferdinand_(Prinz_von_Preu%C3%9Fen)&oldid=2496017 Ferdinand, Prinz von Preußen], ADB, Band 6 (1877), S. 709. 37. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Rothenburg,_Friedrich_Rudolf_Graf&oldid=2547771 Rothenburg]. ADB, Band 29 (1889), S. 358–359. 38. ^Poten,[https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Katzeler,_Nikolaus_Andreas_von&oldid=2499669 Katzler]. ADB, Band 15 (1882), S. 457–458. 39. ^Lippe-Weißenfeld, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Buddenbrock,_Wilhelm_Dietrich_von&oldid=2498216 Buddenbrock]. ADB, Band 3 (1876), S. 500. 40. ^Poten, [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/gnd1029303479.html#adbcontent "Truchseß, Friedrich Sebastian Wunibald Graf].ADB 38 (1894), S. 678-679. 41. ^Ferdinand Siebigk, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Moritz_(preu%C3%9Fischer_Feldmarschall)&oldid=2502441 Moritz, Prince of Anhalt]. ADB, Band 22 (1885), S. 263–268. 42. ^Lippe-Weißenfeld [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Hautcharmoy,_Heinrich_Karl_Ludwig_de_Herault_Seigneur_de&oldid=2497847 Herault]. ADB. Band 11 (1880), S. 113. 43. ^Lippe-Weißenfeld, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Dohna-Schlodien,_Christoph_Graf_von&oldid=2494450 Christoph II von Dohna]. ADB, Band 5 (1877), S. 302–303. 44. ^Lippe-Weißenfeld. [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Kalckstein,_Christoph_Wilhelm_von&oldid=2499521 Kalckstein]. ADB, Band 15 (1882), S. 17–18. 45. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Nassau,_Christof_Ernst_Graf_von&oldid=2502851 Nassau, Christof Ernst]. ADB, Band 23 (1886), S. 262–263. 46. ^Lippe-Weißenfeld, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Karl_Friedrich_Albrecht&oldid=2499608 Karl Friedrich Albrecht, Markgraf von Brandenburg-Schwedt]. ADB, Band 15 (1882), S. 263. 47. ^Lippe-Weißenfeld, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Motte_Fouqu%C3%A9,_Heinrich_August_Freiherr_de_la&oldid=2486371 Fouqué]. ADB, Band 7 (1878), S. 201–202. 48. ^Heinrich Pröhle, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Stille,_Christoph_Ludwig_von&oldid=2493882 Stille]. ADB, Band 36 (1893), S. 240–245. 49. ^Ernst Friedländer, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Jeetze,_Joachim_Christoph_von&oldid=2498696 Jeetze]. ADB, Band 13 (1881), S. 751–753. 50. ^Lippe-Weißenfeld, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Du_Moulin,_Peter_Ludwig&oldid=2494608 Moulin]. ADB, Band 5 (1877), S. 466. 51. ^Meerheimb, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:August_Wilhelm_(preu%C3%9Fischer_General)&oldid=2487711 August Wilhelm, Herzog von Braunschweig-Bevern]. Also called Brunswick-Bevern in English sources. ADB, Band 1 (1875), S. 665–667. 52. ^Lippe-Weißenfeld, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Georg_Ludwig_(Herzog_von_Schleswig-Holstein)&oldid=2496619 Georg Ludwig, Herzog von Holstein-Gottorp]. ADB, Band 8 (1878), S. 698. 53. ^König, [https://books.google.de/books?id=IE1FAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA440#v=onepage&q&f=false Schultze], Biographisches Lexikon aller Helden und Militärpersonen: T. M-See, A. Wever, 1790, S. 441–444. 54. ^Siebigk, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Dietrich_(F%C3%BCrst_von_Anhalt-Dessau)&oldid=2494337 Dietrich, Fürst zu Anhalt]. ADB, Band 5 (1877), S. 172–175. 55. ^König, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Qss5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA211#v=onepage&q&f=false Frederick William of Brandenburg-Schwedt]. Biographisches Lexikon aller Helden und Militairpersonen. Wever, 1788 - Band 1, S. 211–212. 56. ^König, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Qss5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA430 Forcade de Biaix]Biographisches Lexikon aller Helden und Militairpersonen. Wever, 1788, Band 1, S. 430. 57. ^König, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Qss5AAAAcAAJ&q=Bredow#v=snippet&q=Bredow&f=false Kaspar Ludwig von Bredow], Biographisches Lexikon aller Helden und Militairpersonen. Wever, 1788 , Band 1, S. 255. 58. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Neuwied,_Karl_Graf_von_Wied_zu&oldid=2503038 Wied zu Neuwied] ADB, Band 23 (1886), S. 558–559. 59. ^Ernst Friedländer, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Itzenplitz,_August_Friedrich_von&oldid=2499004 Itzenplitz]. ADB, Band 14 (1881), S. 648–649, 60. ^Lippe-Weißenfeld, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Driesen,_Georg_Wilhelm_von&oldid=2492636 Driesen]. ADB, Band 5 (1877), S. 410–411. 61. ^Poten, Retzow, Wolf Friedrich von, ADB, vol. 28, pp 277–278. 62. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Schwerin,_Otto_Magnus_von&oldid=2507198 Schwerin, Otto Magnus von]. ADB, Band 33 (1891), S. 425–426. 63. ^[https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Waldow,_Arnold_Christoph_von&oldid=2508839 Waldow]. ADB, Band 40 (1896), S. 720–721. 64. ^Julius Mebes, [https://books.google.de/books?id=vFrTAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA397 Münchow]. Beiträge zur Geschichte des Brandenburgisch-Preussischen Staates, Band 1, S. 397. 65. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Schoenaich-Carolath,_Karl_Friedrich_F%C3%BCrst_von&oldid=2575452 Schönaich-Carolath], ADB, Band 32 (1891), S. 256. 66. ^Gottfried von Bülow, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Bonin&oldid=2489986 Bonin]. ADB, Band 3 (1876), S. 127–128. 67. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Tresckow,_Joachim_Christian_von&oldid=2507966 Tresckow]. ADB, Band 38 (1894), S. 576–577. 68. ^Poten. [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Pennavaire,_Peter_von&oldid=2553469 Pennavaire]. ADB, Band 25 (1887), S. 356–357. 69. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Lattorf,_Christoph_Friedrich_von&oldid=2500991 Lattorf]. ADB, Band 18 (1883), S. 19–20. 70. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Manteuffel,_Heinrich_von&oldid=2511994 Heinrich von Manteuffel]. ADB, Band 20 (1884), S. 259–260. 71. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Krockow,_Anton_von&oldid=2500557 Krockow]. ADB, Band 17 (1883), S. 174–175. 72. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Platen,_Dubislaw_von&oldid=2504272 Platen]. ADB, Band 26 (1888), S. 249–251. 73. ^Paul Zimmermann, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Karl_Wilhelm_Ferdinand&oldid=2499611 Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]. ADB, Band 15 (1882), S. 272–281. 74. ^Rudolf Falkmann, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Wilhelm_(Graf_von_Schaumburg-Lippe)&oldid=2509664 Wilhelm, Graf von Schaumburg-Lippe]. ADB, Band 43 (1898), S. 202–203. 75. ^Lippe-Weißenfeld, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Gaudy,_Friedrich_Wilhelm_von&oldid=2496442 Gaudy/Gaudi]. ADB. Band 8 (1878), S. 419–420, 76. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Wedell,_Karl_Heinrich_von&oldid=2509088 Wedell]. ADB, Band 41 (1896), S. 410–413. 77. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Wobersnow,_Moritz_Franz_Kasimir_von&oldid=2509911 Wobersnow]. ADB, Band 43 (1898), S. 700. 78. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Puttkamer,_George_Ludwig_von&oldid=2504578 Puttkamer]. ADB, Band 26 (1888), S. 777–779.) 79. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Wakenitz,_Wilhelm_Dietrich_von&oldid=2508799 Wakenitz]. ADB, Band 40 (1896), S. 635–638. 80. ^Knights of Malta. Brandenburg, Johanniter-Ordensblatt: Amtliche Monatschrift der Balley Brandenburg, Volume [https://books.google.com/books?id=jWQMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA307&dq=Siegmund+Moritz+William+von+Langen&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjIop7RiZ3SAhVI44MKHWNoAdwQ6AEIQTAF#v=onepage&q=Siegmund%20Moritz%20William%20von%20Langen&f=false 45:52], Berlin, 28 December 1904. Accessed 19 February 2017. 81. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Moller,_Karl_Friedrich_von&oldid=2502355 Moller], ADB, Band 22 (1885), S. 127–128. 82. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Lentulus,_Rupert_Scipio_von&oldid=2501155 Lentulus], ADB, Band 18 (1883), S. 267–268. 83. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Saldern,_Christoph_von&oldid=2505644 Saldern]. ADB, Band 30 (1890), S. 211–213. 84. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Stutterheim,_Joachim_Friedrich_von&oldid=2494056 Stutterheim, Joachim Friedrich von], ADB, Band 37 (1894), S. 74–75. 85. ^Poten, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Werner,_Paul_von&oldid=2509365 Werner]. ADB, Band 42 (1897), S. 63–66. 86. ^{{de icon}} Albert Pfister. Drei Schwaben in fremden Kriegsdiensten. Graf Harsch. Herwarth von Bittenfeld. Joh. Jak. Wunsch. 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ADB, Band 8 (1878), S. 385–392. 99. ^Rudolf Schwarze [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Kleist,_Ewald_Christian_von&oldid=2500005 Ewald Christian von Kleist]. ADB, Band 16 (1882), S. 113–121. 100. ^Lippe-Weißenfeld. [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Domhardt,_Johann_Friedrich_von&oldid=2494478 Domhardt], ADB, Band 5 (1877), S. 325–326. 101. ^Kurt Wölfel, [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/gnd118538322.html#ndbcontent Gellert, Christian Fürchtegott]. Neue Deutsche Biographie 6 (1964), S. 174-175. 102. ^Reinhold Koser, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Maupertuis,_Pierre-Louis_Moreau_de&oldid=2512257 Maupertuis]. ADB, Band 20 (1884), S. 691–693. 103. ^Jonathan I. Israel Radical Enlightenment: Philosophy and the Making of Modernity 1650–1750 2001, Page i. 104. ^Theodor Hirsch, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Jordan,_Charles_Etienne&oldid=2498937 Jordan]. ADB, Band 14 (1881), S. 504–506. 105. ^Julius Vogel, [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Winckelmann,_Johann_Joachim&oldid=2509738 Winckelmann]. ADB, Band 43 (1898), S. 343–362. 106. ^Franz Weinitz. [https://de.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=ADB:Pesne,_Antoine&oldid=2503931 Pesne]. ADB, Band 25 (1887), S. 430–432. 4 : Prussian Army personnel|Prussian military personnel of the Seven Years' War|Frederick the Great|Cultural depictions of Frederick the Great |
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