| 词条 | Adverbial genitive |
| 释义 |
In grammar, an adverbial genitive is a noun declined in the genitive case that functions as an adverb. EnglishIn Old and Middle English, the genitive case was productive, and adverbial genitives were commonplace. While Modern English does not fully retain the genitive case, it has left various relics, including a number of adverbial genitives. Some of them are now analyzed as ordinary adverbs, including the following:
Some words were formed from the adverbial genitive along with an additional parasitic -t:
The adverbial genitive also survives in a number of stock phrases; for example, in "I work days and sleep nights", the words days and nights are analyzed as plural nouns but are in fact derived historically from the genitive or instrumental cases of day and night. (That they function as adverbs rather than as direct objects is clear from the rephrasing "I work during the day and sleep at night.") The modern British expression "Of an afternoon I go for a walk" has a similar origin, but uses the periphrasis "of + noun" to replace the original genitive. This periphrastic form has variously been marked as used "particularly in isolated and mountainous regions of the southern United States"[14] and as having "a distinctly literary feel".[15] GermanGerman uses the genitive as a productive case, in addition to adverbial genitive expressions. The adverbial suffix -erweise added to adjectives is derived from the feminine singular genitive adjective ending -er agreeing with the noun Weise 'manner'. For example, the adverb glücklicherweise 'fortunately' can be analyzed as glücklicher Weise 'fortunate way [genitive]', i.e. 'in a fortunate way'. The conjunction falls ('if') is the genitive of Fall 'case'. Likewise for keinesfalls/keineswegs ('by no means'), andernfalls ('otherwise'). The preposition angesichts ('in view of') is the genitive of Angesicht ('face'). The time expressions morgens, mittags, abends, nachts, eines Tages (one day) and eines Nachts (one night; analogized with eines Tages, though Nacht is feminine) use the adverbial genitive. See also
References1. ^{{OEtymD|always|accessdate=2010-03-15}} {{lexical categories|state=collapsed}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Adverbial Genitive}}2. ^{{OEtymD|afterwards|accessdate=2010-03-15}} 3. ^{{OEtymD|toward|accessdate=2010-03-15}} 4. ^{{OEtymD|once|accessdate=2010-03-15}} 5. ^{{OEtymD|twice|accessdate=2010-03-15}} 6. ^{{OEtymD|thrice|accessdate=2010-03-15}} 7. ^{{OEtymD|hence|accessdate=2010-03-15}} 8. ^{{OEtymD|thence|accessdate=2010-03-15}} 9. ^{{OEtymD|whence|accessdate=2010-03-15}} 10. ^{{OEtymD|amidst|accessdate=2010-03-15}} 11. ^{{OEtymD|amongst|accessdate=2010-03-15}} 12. ^{{OEtymD|midst|accessdate=2010-03-15}} 13. ^{{OEtymD|whilst|accessdate=2010-03-15}} 14. ^"Our living language" comment to the entry of, page 1219, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, fourth edition, Boston and New York:Houghton Mifflin, 2000 {{ISBN|0-395-82517-2}} 15. ^Entry of.3, page 680, Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage, Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 1994 {{ISBN|0-87779-132-5}} 4 : Genitive construction|Parts of speech|English grammar|German grammar |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。