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词条 Natalia Aszkenazy
释义

  1. Early life

  2. Career

  3. Personal life

  4. References

{{Infobox person
| name = Natalia Aszkenazy
| post-nominals =
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1915
| birth_place = {{Flag|ITA}} Milan
| death_date =
| residence = {{Flag|USA}}
{{Flag|MEX}}
| nationality = {{Flag|POL}} Polish
| other_names = Natacha Eschkenazi
Natalia Drohojowska
| alma_mater = University of Geneva
| occupation = diplomat, lecturer, magazine writer, philanthropist
| known for =
| spouse = Jan Drohojowski
| children = Francisco (Pancho) Drohojowski
| awards =
| image_width =
}}

Natalia Aszkenazy (born 1915), also seen as Natacha Eschkenazi[1] and later Natalia Drohojowska, was a Polish diplomat and lecturer during World War II, and a magazine writer in the 1950s. Having traveled to the United States just prior to Poland's invasion in 1939, she was unable to return home. Beginning her career as a Red Cross volunteer, Aszkenazy was appointed as the first woman diplomat of Poland and sent to organize the Polish embassy in the USSR in 1941. Wartime events had left the 1.5 million Poles livinging in Russia in poor condition. When Russia severed diplomatic ties with Poland, she returned to the United States and lectured there until the end of the war. After the war ended, she took right of asylum from Mexico and became a writer and philanthropist.

Early life

Natalia Aszkenazy was born in Milan, in 1915[2][3][4] the daughter of a Warsaw-based banker.[5] She began her schooling in Milan and then studied at the Lycee Victor Duruy in Paris. Continuing her education, between 1929 and 1930, she attended the Lycee Francais de Londres in London, before obtaining her baccalauréat from the Lycee francais de Varsovie in Warsaw in 1933. Further studies were taken in the department of economics and social science of the University of Geneva between 1934 and 1936. Though her educational focus was on economics and politics, Aszkenazy spoke and wrote in English, French, German and Polish.[6][7]

Career

In 1939, Aszkenazy left Poland traveling through France on her way to the United States to attend the 1939 New York World's Fair. The outbreak of World War II in Poland forced her to remain abroad and she joined the American Red Cross in New York City.[8][9] After a brief stint working for the Red Cross,[10] Aszkenazy was appointed as a press and public relations officer at the Polish embassy in Washington DC from 1939 to 1941.[11][9] She was attached to the Polish embassy in Moscow from 1941 to 1943,[12] when Poland recalled its diplomatic staff over the Katyn massacre.[14] Her work in Russia revolved around establishing an embassy to care for the 1.5 million Poles living in Russia in the war-time conditions, in which rationing was imposed and they were viewed suspiciously because of their nationality.[13] Aszkenazy was also involved in the evacuation of Polish Jews from the USSR to Iraq.[14] She was described in 1941 as "the only woman in the diplomatic corps in Moscow"[10] and in 1943 as the "only Polish woman diplomat".[15] During World War II she gave lectures in the United States about her experiences as a woman diplomat and about the post-war hopes of the Polish people.[16] Her "sultry" looks and stylish wardrobe were often as much commented upon as the content of her speeches.[17][18] She also addressed an anniversary celebration for the Polish constitution in 1944, in Los Angeles.[19]

As a diplomat's wife, Aszkenazy corresponded with Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral[20] and Pablo Neruda dedicated Canto General número 32 (1949) to her.[21] She was also a benefactor of the small town San Sebastián Chimalpa in Mexico, donating books and a well in 1950.[22] In 1950-51, she wrote cultural criticism of Mexican cinema in a pair of articles for Films in Review.[23][24] In 1951, she published Traveling in Mexico ({{lang-es|Viajeras en México}}), which chronicled her travels from one end of Mexico to the other. Critical review of the book indicated that she understood the colonial history and tragedy of the country's development, as well as the language and people.[25] Later Aszkenazy was a staff writer at Anita Brenner's English-language magazine Mexico/This Month.[26]

Personal life

Natalia Aszkenazy married a Polish count, fellow diplomat Jan Drohojowski (1901-1979), in 1943. Her husband worked for the Polish government-in-exile in London;[27] he was later posted to Mexico, Nicaragua, and Egypt, before becoming a writer. Their son Francisco (Pancho) Drohojowski was born in Mexico in 1947.[28] In the 1950s she was granted political asylum in Mexico with her young son, while her husband was briefly imprisoned in Poland and unable to emigrate because of Polish communist government's restriction on international travel.[29]

References

1. ^[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10721003/drohojowski_and_eschkenazi_accused_of_a/ "Ousted Polish Envoy in Cairo Linked to Rioting in January"] Corpus Christi Caller-Times (April 25, 1952): 14. via Newspapers.com{{open access}}
2. ^"Polish Speaker to Lecture Here Tomorrow" Valparaiso Torch (January 16, 1941): 1.
3. ^{{cite news|title=Miss Natalia Aszkenazy Entertained at Luncheon at the Alamance Hotel|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/susun-wilkinson-celebrity-clipping-jan-27-1944-266815/|accessdate=1 May 2017|publisher=The Times-News|date=27 January 1944|location=Burlington, North Carolina|page=13}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=1940 U. S. Census: New York City, Manhattan, Assembly District 15|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9MB-S369?i=4&cc=2000219|website=FamilySearch|publisher=National Archives and Records Administration|accessdate=1 May 2017|location=Washington, D. C.|page=3A|date=5 April 1940|id=Publication #T627, Film #2657}}
5. ^[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10425517/natalia_aszkenazy_spoke_in_san/ "Polish Woman Diplomat to Speak at Junior College"] San Bernardino County Sun (May 1, 1944): 3. via Newspapers.com{{open access}}
6. ^{{cite news|title=Pole to Talk Here Friday|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/susun-wilkinson-celebrity-clipping-jan-15-1941-266814/|accessdate=1 May 2017|publisher=Vidette-Messenger|date=15 January 1941|location=Valparaiso, Indiana|page=2|via = Newspaperarchive.com}} {{open access}}
7. ^Alice Myers, "Polish Woman Attaché for Unity with Russia" Christian Science Monitor (February 3, 1944): 4.
8. ^{{cite news|title=Soviet Women Strong|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/susun-wilkinson-celebrity-clipping-aug-21-1944-266647/|accessdate=1 May 2017|publisher=The Port Arthur News|date=21 August 1944|location=Port Arthur, Texas|page=5}}
9. ^1 {{cite news|title=Nataliza Aszkenazy to be Presented by Literary Council Wed. Afternoon|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/susun-wilkinson-celebrity-clipping-jan-08-1944-266811/|accessdate=1 May 2017|publisher=The Times-News|date=8 January 1944|location=Burlington, North Carolina|page=3}}
10. ^1 Hope Ridings Miller, "Natalia Aszkenazy May Go to Moscow: Member of Polish Embassy Staff Slated To Become Full-Fledged Woman Attache" Washington Post (October 4, 1941): 14.
11. ^"Diplomatic Set Bids Farewell to Miss Natalia Aszkenazy" Washington Post (November 28, 1941): 22.
12. ^"Poles Want Soviet Pact" New York Times (December 18, 1943): 6.
13. ^{{cite news|title=Natalia Aszkenazy, Polish Diplomat Presented by Council of Literary Clubs|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/susun-wilkinson-celebrity-clipping-jan-27-1944-266815/|accessdate=1 May 2017|publisher=The Times-News|date=27 January 1944|location=Burlington, North Carolina|page=13}}
14. ^{{cite book|last1=Pająk|first1=Henryk|title=Retinger-mason i agent syjonizmu|date=1996|publisher=Wydawn. Retro|location=Lublin, Poland|isbn=83-905292-2-X|pages=207-207|url=http://wolna-polska.pl/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Paj__k-H.-Retinger-mason-i-agent-syjonizmu.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317132529/http://wolna-polska.pl/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Paj__k-H.-Retinger-mason-i-agent-syjonizmu.pdf|archivedate=17 March 2015|language=Polish|via=wolna-polska|trans-title=Retinger-mason and Zionist agent}}
15. ^{{Cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=980DE1DE1238E33BBC4052DFB4678388659EDE&legacy=true|title=POLES WANT SOVIET PACT; Woman Diplomat Says They Should Be 'on Speaking Terms'|date=1943-12-18|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-05-01|issn=0362-4331}}
16. ^1 "Playful Polish Girl Diplomat Likes Harvard, Co-Ed System" The Harvard Crimson (January 21, 1944).
17. ^Robert Playfair, "Polish Beauty Visitor Hailed as Best-Dressed" Daily Boston Globe (January 16, 1944): C1.
18. ^"Deweys Honor Envoy Leaving For Russia" Washington Post (November 1, 1941): 14.
19. ^"Poles Observe Anniversary of Constitution" Los Angeles Times (May 8, 1944): A14.
20. ^Three letters from Natalia Drohojowska to Gabriela Mistral, 1951-1952, in the Biblioteca Nacional de Chile.
21. ^{{cite news|title=Nurieldín Hermosilla : "Le propongo a la Biblioteca Nacional completar su colección de Neruda"|url=http://www.economiaynegocios.cl/noticias/noticias.asp?id=147708|accessdate=1 May 2017|publisher=El Mercurio: Economía y Negocios|date=24 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501181751/http://www.economiaynegocios.cl/noticias/noticias.asp?id=147708|archivedate=1 May 2017|location=Santiago, Chile|language=Spanish|trans-title=Nurieldín Hermosilla: "I propose to the National Library to complete its collection of Neruda"}}
22. ^"Historia del Pozo Vístula" Pueblo de San Sebastián Chimalpa.
23. ^{{Cite journal|last=Askenazy|first=Natalia|date=May–June 1950|title=Movieland Stretches Southward: A Newsletter from Mexico City|url=|journal=Films in Review|volume=1|pages=14–43}}
24. ^{{Cite journal|last=Askenazy|first=Natalia|date=May 1951|title=The Two Kinds of Mexican Movies: The Rightist are Urban, the Leftist Primitive|url=|journal=Films in Review|volume=2|pages=35–39}}
25. ^{{cite book|last1=Henestrosa|first1=Andrés|title=Alacena de minucias|date=2007|publisher=Cámara de Diputados, LX Legislatura|location=México|isbn=978-970-701-967-6|page=33|edition=1.|url=http://biblioteca.diputados.gob.mx/janium/bv/ce/scpd/LX/alacena_minu.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501183554/http://biblioteca.diputados.gob.mx/janium/bv/ce/scpd/LX/alacena_minu.pdf|archivedate=1 May 2017|chapter=Viajeras en México: 19 August 1951}}
26. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a0pEAQAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Drohojowska|title=Pedro Friedeberg|last=Friedeberg|first=Pedro|date=2009-01-01|publisher=Dap-distributed Art|year=|isbn=9786077663171|location=|pages=389|language=es}}
27. ^[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10427945/natalia_aszkenazy_1944/ "Woman Diplomat Tells of Underground"] Daily Capital Journal (April 25, 1944): 10. via Newspapers.com{{open access}}
28. ^Christian E. Burckel, ed., [https://books.google.com/books?id=I0toWAiJLaIC Who's Who in the United Nations] (Burckel & Associations 1951): 129.
29. ^[https://shanghai.nyu.edu/is/connections-china-family-story "Connections to China: A Family Story"] NYU Shanghai.
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7 : 1915 births|Polish diplomats|University of Geneva alumni|Year of death missing|Polish women diplomats|Polish expatriates in the United States|People from Milan
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