| 词条 | National Federation for Constitutional Liberties |
| 释义 |
The National Federation for Constitutional Liberties (NFCL) (1940–ca. 1946) was a civil rights advocacy group made up from a broad range of people (including many trade unionists, religious organizations, African-American civil rights advocates and professional organizations).[1] HistoryFormationThe NFCL founded at a national conference on civil liberties held in Washington, D.C. in {{date|June 1940}}.[1] PurposeThe purpose of the Federation was co-ordinate the activities of the various groups involved within the organization to gain greater democratic freedoms for all who were involved. As well as civil rights advocacy, the Federation was also against lynching, poll tax, and discrimination, the Jim Crow laws, and ran campaigns against these occurrences.[1] In a proposed Anti-Fascist Civil Rights Declaration for 1944, the Federation called for a permanent Fair Employment Practice Committee (FEPC), equality within the US armed forces, legislation against antisemitism and all forms of incitement to racial hatred, a ban on discrimination in employment and in housing, the abolition of Jim Crow, and passage of a federal anti-lynching bill.[1] The Federation publicized its campaigns and other activities through numerous pamphlets and through Action Letters mailed to thousands of local leaders, unions, churches, civic and professional groups. It organized conferences, public meetings and banquets with outstanding speakers and civil liberties advocates. Its Academic Council led the defense of educators like Max Yergan, blacklisted by the United States for their political beliefs. ControversyThe Federation was considered "subversive" and "Communist" by Attorney General Tom C. Clark,[2] and the group was considered one of eleven "subversive organizations",[3] drawn up on {{date|April 3, 1947}} at the request of Clark.[4] Attorney General Francis Biddle claimed this was as "part of what Lenin called the 'solar system' of organizations, ostensibly having no connection with the Communist Party, by which Communists attempt to create sympathizers and supporters of their program".[5] MergerBy 1946–1947, the NFCL rolled into the Civil Rights Congress (along with the International Labor Defense (ILD) and the National Negro Congress. See also
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Guide to the George Marshall Papers|url=http://archives.nypl.org/uploads/collection/pdf_finding_aid/scmmg541.pdf|publisher=Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture|accessdate=3 March 2015}} {{Authority control}}{{US-poli-stub}}{{US-hist-stub}}2. ^Press releases, December 4, 1947 and September 21, 1948; cited in report prepared from the public files of the House Committee on Un-American Activities for Senator William E. Jenner, Chairman of the Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security, October 20 1953, reproduced in Who Was Frank Marshall Davis?, Cliff Kincaid and Herbert Romerstein, p. 12-14. 3. ^M. Stanton Evans, [https://books.google.com/books?id=tQt3AAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 Blacklisted by History: The Untold Story of Senator Joe McCarthy and His Fight Against America's Enemies] (New York: Crown Forum, 2007) {{ISBN|978-1-4000-8105-9}}, pp. 55-60, notes). 4. ^{{cite web | title=Prelude to McCarthyism: The Making of a Blacklist| work=Goldstein, Robert Justin, Prologue, U.S. National Archives| url=https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2006/fall/agloso.html| date=2006 |volume=38 |accessdate= 3 March 2015}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Elton|title=Which Bible?|date=1996|publisher=Health Research Books|isbn=9780787304829|page=106|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SnPn54U7SCQC&pg=PA106|accessdate=3 March 2015}} 4 : Civil rights organizations in the United States|Cold War|Organizations established in 1940|1940 establishments in the United States |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。