“National Inventory of Architectural Heritage”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH) maintains a central database of the architectural heritage of the Republic of Ireland covering the period since 1700 in complement to the Archaeological Survey of Ireland, which focuses on archaeological sites of the pre-1700 period. At the moment, the NIAH does not cover Northern Ireland.

The NIAH is a unit of the Heritage Division within the Department of Arts, Heritage, Regional, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs.^[1]^[2] The unit was founded in 1990 to address the obligations of the Convention for the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe of which Ireland is signatory.^[3] Initially, the NIAH existed only on a non-statutory basis with the task to create and maintain an inventory of to be protected buildings and sites. The legal framework for the NIAH was established with the Architectural Heritage (National Inventory) and Historic Monuments (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act of 1999^[4] which introduced access rights to the interior of buildings for the NIAH and preservation obligations for the local planning authorities.^[5] The subsequent Planning and Development Act of 2000^[6] delegated the responsibility to maintain records of protected structures (RPS) to the planning authorities, leaving the role to identify and document significant objects of architectural heritage to NIAH.^[7]^[8]

Surveying started in 1991 and focused first on towns. Clare was the first county to perform a county survey. Each building covered by one of the surveys is rated on a scale that includes the values "record only", "local", "regional", "national", and "international" where usually objects of at least regional significance are considered for protection.^[9] In 2001, the minister Síle de Valera used the result of these surveys to recommend the inclusion of 2,155 buildings in the record of protected structures by the respective planning authorities.^[10]^[11] As a full survey of the entire country using the same approach as for the town surveys was assumed to take more than 100 years, it was decided to begin with interim county surveys that focused on buildings with at least of regional significance.^[7] The surveys were published on CD-ROMs and online.^[12]^[7] The dataset has been published under the Creative Commons Attribtion 4.0 license.^[13] In addition, a series of books was published, each presenting the highlights of one of the surveys. As of 2017, 33 volumes are published.^[14]

Another surveying project of the NIAH focuses on historic gardens and designed landscapes. These surveys started by comparing the 19th-century maps of the Ordnance Survey against aerial photography and were followed by on-site evaluations. In June 2009, the NIAH won the Europa Nostra Award for this project.^[15]

Notes

1. ^Willie Cumming 2006, p. 11.
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ahrrga.gov.ie/heritage/ |title=Heritage |publisher=Department of Arts, Heritage, Regional, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs |access-date=4 January 2017}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/121/signatures |title=Chart of signatures and ratifications of Treaty 121 |publisher=Council of Europe |access-date=3 January 2017}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1999/act/19/enacted/en/html |title=Architectural Heritage (National Inventory) and Historic Monuments (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1999 |publisher=Government of Ireland |access-date=3 January 2017}}
5. ^Maol Muire Tynan 1998.
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2000/act/30/section/51/enacted/en/html |title=Planning and Development Act, 2000 |publisher=Government of Ireland |access-date=4 January 2017}}
7. ^¹²Willie Cumming 2006, p. 12.
8. ^Judith Hill 2004, p. 78.
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/FindOutMore/NIAH%20Handbook%20Edition%20March%202013%20Upload.pdf |title=NIAH Handbook |date=March 2013 |publisher=Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht |page=21 |access-date=6 January 2017}}
10. ^{{cite news |date=7 October 2000 |title=Architecture project gets under way to list and save buildings |newspaper=The Irish Times |page=2 |location=Dublin |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/archive/2000/1007/Pg002.html#Ar00200}}
11. ^{{cite news |last=Siggins |first=Lorna |date=19 February 2001 |title=Authorities called on by Minister to protect over 2,000 buildings |newspaper=The Irish Times |page=4 |location=Dublin |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/archive/2001/0219/Pg004.html#Ar00407}}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/Surveys/Buildings/ |title=Building Survey |access-date=6 January 2017}}
13. ^{{cite web |url=https://data.gov.ie/dataset/national-inventory-of-architectural-heritage-niah-national-dataset |title=National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH) National Dataset |access-date=8 January 2017}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/NIAHPublications/ |title=NIAH Publications |access-date=6 January 2017}}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/Surveys/Gardens/ |title=Survey of Historic Gardens and Designed Landscapes |access-date=7 January 2017}}

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