| 词条 | Natural Resource Governance Institute | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Natural Resource Governance Institute | native_name = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map2 = | map2_size = | map2_alt = | map2_caption = | abbreviation = NRGI | motto = | predecessor = | merged = | successor = | formation = 2013 | founder = | extinction = | merger = | type = | tax_id = | registration_id = | status = | purpose = | headquarters = 80 Broad Street, Suite 1801, New York, NY 10004 | location = | coords = | region = | services = | products = | methods = | fields = | membership = | membership_year = | language = | owner = | sec_gen = | leader_title = President | leader_name = Daniel Kaufmann | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | board_of_directors = | key_people = | main_organ = | parent_organization = Revenue Watch Institute, Natural Resource Charter | subsidiaries = | secessions = | affiliations = | budget = | budget_year = | revenue = | revenue_year = | disbursements = | expenses = | endowment = | staff = 100+ | staff_year = | volunteers = | volunteers_year = | slogan = | mission = | website = https://resourcegovernance.org/ | remarks = | formerly = | footnotes = }} The Natural Resource Governance Institute (NRGI) is an independent nonprofit organisation dedicated to improving countries' governance over their natural resources (in particular oil, gas and minerals) to promote sustainable and inclusive development.[1] The headquarters of NRGI are based in New York. HistoryThe Natural Resource Governance Institute was established through the merger of the Revenue Watch Institute and the Natural Resource Charter in 2013.[2] Originally based in New York, NRGI has opened offices in London, Accra, Lima, Washington, D.C., Jakarta and Dar Es Salaam.[3] This partly reflects its focus on Colombia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Indonesia, Mexico Mongolia, Myanmar, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Tunisia as "priority countries".[4] Organisation and ActivitiesThe Natural Resource Governance Institute is led by a president, with Daniel Kaufmann currently serving in that role.[5] Its activities are supervised by a board of directors, with Ernesto Zedillo as chair and Smita Singh as vice-chair.[6] Finally, NRGI's leadership team and its board of directors benefit are supported by an Advisory Council co-chaired by Michael Spence and Joseph Bell.[7] Other prominent figures affiliated with NRGI include Paul Collier, Ernest Aryeetey, Elena Panfilova, Alicia Bárcena Ibarra, Peter Eigen, Antonio La Viña, Ilgar Mammadov, José Antonio Ocampo, Anya Schiffrin, Andrés Velasco, and Tony Venables. In line with its mission, NRGI supports civil society organisations, government institutions, private sector enterprises, and the media with technical advice, advocacy, applied research, policy analysis, and capacity development with regard to natural resource governance.[8] Key tools developed in that context include for example the 2017 Resource Governance Index, a map of resource projects, the Natural Resource Charter Benchmarking Framework, or the 2010 Revenue Watch Index.[9] Notably, research and resources from NRGI have been featured by international media such as The Atlantic[10], Financial Times[11] or Forbes,[12] as well as national media in the concerned countries. The Natural Resource CharterThe Natural Resource Charter is a document aimed at providing advice and policy options with regard to the management of resource wealth in order to help resource-rich countries use their natural resources for sustainable development. NRGI promotes the implementation of the Natural Resource Charter and provides policy advice with regard to this implementation process. The Natural Resource Charter consists of the following 12 Precepts, which are organised into three parts based on the chain of decisions involved in natural resource management:[13]
(1) Resource management should secure the greatest benefit for citizens through an inclusive and comprehensive national strategy, clear legal framework and competent institutions. (2) Resource governance requires decision makers to be accountable to an informed public.
(3) The government should encourage efficient exploration and production operations, and allocate rights transparently. (4) Tax regimes and contractual terms should enable the government to realize the full value of its resources consistent with attracting necessary investment, and should be robust to changing circumstances. (5) The government should pursue opportunities for local benefits, and account for, mitigate and offset the environmental and social costs of resource extraction projects. (6) Nationally owned companies should be accountable, with well-defined mandates and an objective of commercial efficiency. (7) The government should invest revenues to achieve optimal and equitable outcomes, for current and future generations. (8) The government should smooth domestic spending of revenues to account for revenue volatility. (9) The government should use revenue as an opportunity to increase the efficiency of public spending at the national and sub-national levels. (10) The government should facilitate private sector investments to diversify the economy and to engage in the extractive industry.
(11) Companies should commit to the highest environmental, social and human rights standards, and to sustainable development. (12) Governments and international organizations should promote an upward harmonization of standards to support sustainable development. Resource Governance IndexThe Resource Governance Index, developed by NRGI, measures the quality of countries' resource governance and ranks them accordingly. The index is constructed by sending a 149-item questionnaire to 150 experts in 81 countries, who research the issues raised in the questionnaire, compile documentation and complete the questionnaire. The quality of the survey data is then assessed by NRGI and enriched by further data on countries "enabling environments".[14] Finally, NRGI calculates the index as a composite score out of the:
with higher scores indicating a better resource governance process.
References1. ^[https://resourcegovernance.org/about-us Self-description by the National Resource Governance Institute. Retrieved February 18th, 2018.] 2. ^[https://resourcegovernance.org/about-us/what-we-do/strategic-plan Strategic Plan of the National Resource Governance Institute. Retrieved February 18th, 2018.] 3. ^[https://resourcegovernance.org/about-us/contact-us Offices of NRGI. Retrieved on February 18th, 2018.] 4. ^[https://resourcegovernance.org/countries Priority countries in NRGI's work. Retrieved February 18th, 2018.] 5. ^[https://resourcegovernance.org/about-us/leadership Leadership Team at NRGI. Retrieved February 18th, 2018.] 6. ^[https://resourcegovernance.org/about-us/leadership/board Board of Directors at NRGI. Retrieved February 18th, 2018.] 7. ^[https://resourcegovernance.org/about-us/leadership/advisory-council Advisory Council of NRGI. Retrieved February 18th, 2018.] 8. ^[https://resourcegovernance.org/about-us/what-we-do/strategic-plan Strategic Plan of the National Resource Governance Institute. Retrieved February 18th, 2018.] 9. ^[https://resourcegovernance.org/analysis-tools/tools?search=&page=1 Tools developed by NRGI. Retrieved February 18th, 2018.] 10. ^[https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/02/exxon-mobil-tillerson-state-corruption-russia-sec/515244/ Mahanta, S. (February 1st, 2017). The House Kills an Anti-Corruption Measure. The Atlantic. Retrieved February 18th, 2018.] 11. ^[https://www.ft.com/content/9e9fc1f0-0a61-11e8-8eb7-42f857ea9f09 Shafaie, A., Okenda, J.-P., Lassourd, T. (February 6th, 2018). The Democratic Republic of Congo deserves a better mining law. Financial Times. Retrieved February 18th, 2018.] 12. ^[https://www.forbes.com/sites/chynes/2017/09/28/this-yangon-tech-hub-wants-to-help-journalists-navigate-myanmars-many-data-challenges/#710de8074fe9 Hynes, C. (September 28th, 2017). This Yangon Tech Hub Is Helping Myanmar's Data Journalists With Their Reporting. Forbes. Retrieved February 18th, 2018.] 13. ^[https://resourcegovernance.org/approach/natural-resource-charter NRGI (2018). Natural Resource Charter (2nd ed.). Retrieved February 23rd, 2018.] 14. ^[https://resourcegovernance.org/analysis-tools/publications/2017-resource-governance-index NRGI (2017). 2017 Resource Governance Index. Retrieved February 23rd, 2018.] External links[https://resourcegovernance.org/ Website of the Natural Resource Governance Institute] 3 : Research institutes in the United States|Organizations established in 2013|Mining-related lists |
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