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词条 Aeronca L-3
释义

  1. Design and development

  2. Variants

  3. Operators

  4. Surviving aircraft

  5. Specifications (L-3C)

  6. See also

  7. Notes

  8. References

  9. External links

{{main|Aeronca Chief family}}
name= L-3 Grasshopperimage=Aeronca_L-3B_Grasshopper_USAF.jpgcaption= Aeronca L-3B belonging to the National Museum of the United States Air Force.

}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type

type= Observation and liaison aircraftmanufacturer= Aeronca Aircraftdesigner=first flight= 1941introduced=retired=status=primary user= United States Army Air Forcesmore users=produced=number built=unit cost=variants with their own articles=
}}

The Aeronca L-3 group of observation and liaison aircraft were used by the United States Army Air Corps in World War II. The L-3 series were adapted from Aeronca's pre-war Tandem Trainer and Chief models.

Design and development

In 1941, the United States Army Air Corps ordered four examples of the Aeronca 65 TC Defender, designated YO-58, for evaluation of the suitability of light aircraft for observation and liaison purposes. (It also placed similar orders with Piper and Taylorcraft Aircraft). Service tests during the US Army's annual maneuvers proved successful, and resulted in large orders being placed. In 1942, the O-58 was redesignated L-3.[1][2]

When American forces went into combat after Pearl Harbor, the Army Air Force used the L-3 in much the same manner as observation balloons were used during World War I—spotting activities and directing artillery fire. It was also used for liaison and transport duties and short-range reconnaissance which required airplanes to land and take off in short distances from unprepared landing strips. Liaison pilots would train on L-3s before moving on to front-line aircraft like the Piper L-4 or the Stinson L-5. Some L-3s were shipped to north Africa, and subsequently given to the Free French Forces in the area at the time. At least one of the aircraft served with US forces in Italy.{{citation needed|date=February 2015}}And minimally one other did service in Normandy, as reported by the Detroit Free Press on 25 June 1944, with a photograph indicating transport of medical supplies to the advancing front-line regiments.

The TG-5 was a three-seat training glider of 1942 based upon the O-58 design. This aircraft retained the O-58's rear fuselage, wings, and tail while adding a new front fuselage in place of the engine. In all, Aeronca built 250 TG-5 gliders for the Army. The Navy received three as the LNR-1.[3]

Variants

O-58 designation replaced by L-3 designation in April 1942[4]

  • YO-58 – Four aircraft with a {{convert|65|hp|abbr=on}} Continental YO-170-3 engine.[4]
  • O-58 / L-3 – production order of 50, most used for training in the US.[4]
  • O-58A / L-3A – Fuselage widened four inches and extended greenhouse canopy. 20 built.[4]
  • O-58B / L-3B – Modified canopy and additional radio equipment. 875 built.[4]
  • O-58C / L-3C – As O-58B/L-3B but with radio equipment removed for use as trainer. 490 built.[4]
  • L-3D – Aeronca 65TF Defender. 11 aircraft impressed.[4]
  • L-3E – Aeronca 65TC Defender. 12 aircraft impressed.[4] Continental engine.
  • L-3F – Aeronca 65CA Defender. 19 aircraft impressed.[4]
  • L-3G – Aeronca 65L Super Chief with side by side seating. 4 aircraft impressed.[4] Lycoming engine.
  • L-3H – Aeronca 65TL Defender. 1 aircraft impressed)[4] Lycoming engine.
  • L-3J – Aeronca 65TC Defender 1 additional aircraft impressed.[4] Continental engine.
  • JR-1 – Three L-3Cs supplied to the US Navy.[4]
  • TG-5 – 250 were built as training gliders for the USAAC.[4]
  • TG-33 – TG-5 converted for prone pilot.[4][5]
  • LNR – Three TG-5s supplied to the US Navy.[4]

Operators

{{flag|Brazil}}
  • Brazilian Air Force L-3C
{{CHI}}

30 L-3B delivered to Chile via Lend-Lease program in 1943, all delivered to civil aero clubes. 4 Survivors (CC-KGA at La Ligua, CC-SHA at Chile's Aviation Museum. Two examples in the hands of restorers at Tobalaba airfield, Santiago, and Los Angeles.

{{USA}}
  • United States Army Air Forces
  • United States Navy
{{VEN}}
  • Aviación Militar – received three L-3Bs.[6]

Surviving aircraft

Aside from 15 L-3s (2 L-3, 7 L-3B, and 6 L-3C) that remain on the US civil registry as of June 2016,[7] a number have also found their way into museums

  • 42-7798 – O-58A airworthy with Blake W. Henderson of Westmoreland, Tennessee.[8]
  • 42-14773 – L-3 airworthy with Audie L. Hollon of Milan, Missouri.[9][10]
  • 42-36152 – O-58B airworthy with Lee H. Montgomery in Corsicana, Texas. Previously with the Alamo Liaison Squadron in San Antonio, Texas.[11][12][13]
  • 42-36200 – L-3B on static display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson AFB near Dayton, Ohio.[14][15]
  • 43-1844 – O-58B airworthy at the Port Townsend Aero Museum in Port Townsend, Washington.[16][17][18]
  • 43-26772 – L-3B on static display at the Air Zoo in Kalamazoo, Michigan.[19][20]
  • 43-26819 – L-3B on static display at the Museo Nacional Aeronáutico y del Espacio in Santiago, Chile.[21]
  • Unknown – L-3B on static display at the Museum of Flight in Seattle, Washington.[22]
  • Unknown – L-3B airworthy at the Cavanaugh Flight Museum in Addison, Texas.[23][24]
  • Unknown – L-3 airworthy at the Wings of Eagles Discovery Center in Elmira, New York.[25][26]
  • Unknown – L-3 on display at the Vintage Flying Museum in Fort Worth, Texas.[27]
  • Unknown – L-3B airworthy at the Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum in Hood River, Oregon.[28][29][30]
  • Unknown – L-3E airworthy with Air Group One of the Commemorative Air Force in El Cajon, California.[31][32]
  • Unknown – L-3E under restoration with the Spirit of Tulsa of the Commemorative Air Force in Tulsa, Oklahoma.[33][34]
  • Unknown – L-3E airworthy with the Missouri Wing of the Commemorative Air Force in Portage Des Sioux, Missouri.[35][36]
  • Unknown – O-58B airworthy with Nicholas S. Kapotes of Pompton Plains, New Jersey.[37]
  • 43-26861 – O-58B (L-3B) airworthy with James S. Tate of Nashville, Tennessee.[38]
  • Unknown – L-3 on static display at the National D-Day Memorial in Bedford, Virginia.[39]
  • O58B-8272 – O-58B airworthy at Silver Creek Airport (NC52) in Morganton, NC.[40]
  • 43-36243 - O-58 (L-3B) airworthy with Jack K. Dromgold of Westfield, Massachusetts. [41]

Specifications (L-3C)

{{aircraft specifications
|plane or copter?=plane
|jet or prop?=prop
|ref=Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II.[42]
|crew=2: pilot, observer
|length main=21 ft 10 in
|length alt=6.67 m
|span main=35 ft 0 in
|span alt=10.67 m
|height main=9 ft 1 in
|height alt=2.74 m
|area main=169 ft²
|area alt=15.6 m²
|airfoil=
|empty weight main=835 lb
|empty weight alt=379 kg
|loaded weight main=1,260 lb
|loaded weight alt=572 kg
|useful load main=
|useful load alt=
|max takeoff weight main=
|max takeoff weight alt=
|more general=
|engine (prop)=Continental O-170-3 OR a Continental A-65-8
|type of prop=flat-4 engine
|number of props=1
|power main=65 hp
|power alt=48 kW
|max speed main=87 mph
|max speed alt=76 kn, 139 km/h
|cruise speed main=79 mph
|cruise speed alt=69 kn, 126 km/h
|stall speed main=46 mph
|stall speed alt=40 kn, 73 km/h
|range main=218 mi
|range alt=189 nmi, 350 km
|ceiling main=10,000 ft
|ceiling alt=3,050 m
|climb rate main=404 ft/min
|climb rate alt=123 m/min
|loading main=7.45 lb/ft²
|loading alt=36.1 kg/m²
|power/mass main=.051 hp/lb
|power/mass alt=85 W/kg
}}

See also

{{Portal|Military of the United States|United States Air Force|Aviation}}{{aircontent
|related=
  • Aeronca 50 Chief

|similar aircraft=
  • Taylorcraft L-2
  • Piper L-4

|lists=
  • List of aircraft of World War II
  • List of military aircraft of the United States

|see also=
}}

Notes

1. ^Swanborough and Bowers 1963, p. 31.
2. ^Mondey 1996, p. 8.
3. ^Swanborough and Bowers 1963, pp. 32–33.
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Adcock, 2005, p.21
5. ^Swanborough and Bowers 1963, p.584.
6. ^Air International September 1973, p. 121.
7. ^FAA Registry Search for Aeronca L-3 accessed 12 June 2016
8. ^{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N46513]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N46513|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Aeronca L-3 Grasshopper, s/n 42-14773 USAAF, c/r N4209K|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=161877|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N4209K]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N4209K|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Alamo Liaison Squadron Picture Gallery|url=http://www.als-cannonfield.com/PictureGallery.htm|website=The Alamo Liaison Squadron|publisher=Alamo Liaison Squadron|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Aeronca O-58B Grasshopper, s/n 42-36152 USAAF, c/n 058B-1782, c/r N52169|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=67376|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N52169]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N52169|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=Aeronca L-3B "Grasshopper"|url=http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/MuseumExhibits/FactSheets/Display/tabid/509/Article/196269/aeronca-l-3b-grasshopper.aspx|website=National Museum of the US Air Force|accessdate=6 December 2016|date=17 April 2015}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Aeronca L-3B Grasshopper, s/n 42-36200 USAAF|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=71054|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
16. ^{{cite web|title=Aeronca L3 "Grasshopper"|url=http://www.ptaeromuseum.com/aircraft_collection/aeronca_l3/aeroncal3.html|website=Port Townsend Aero Museum|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Aeronca O-58B Grasshopper, s/n 43-1844 USAAF, c/r N48145|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=59305|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
18. ^{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N48145]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N48145|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=Aeronca L-3B Defender|url=http://www.airzoo.org/page.php?page_id=202|website=Air Zoo|publisher=Air Zoo|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Aeronca L-3B Grasshopper, s/n 43-26772 USAAF, c/n 058B-9093, c/r N47139|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=74056|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
21. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Aeronca L-3B Grasshopper, s/n 43-26819 USAAC, c/n 58B 9563, c/r CC-SHA|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=152758|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
22. ^{{cite web|title=Aeronca L-3B Grasshopper|url=http://www.museumofflight.org/aircraft/aeronca-l-3b-o-58b-grasshopper|website=The Museum Of Flight|publisher=The Museum Of Flight|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
23. ^{{cite web|title=Aircraft|url=http://www.cavanaughflightmuseum.com/collections/aircraft|website=Cavanaugh Flight Museum|accessdate=6 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029175706/http://www.cavanaughflightmuseum.com/collections/aircraft|archive-date=2016-10-29|dead-url=yes|df=}}
24. ^{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N47373]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N47373|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
25. ^{{cite web|title=Aeronca L3 (Grasshopper)|url=http://www.wingsofeagles.com/browse-the-collection/aircraft/aeronca-l3-grasshopper|website=Wings of Eagles Discovery Center|publisher=Wings of Eagles Discovery Center|accessdate=6 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629103843/http://www.wingsofeagles.com/browse-the-collection/aircraft/aeronca-l3-grasshopper/|archive-date=2016-06-29|dead-url=yes|df=}}
26. ^{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N33769]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N33769|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
27. ^{{cite web|title=Our Collection|url=http://vintageflyingmuseum.org/on-display|website=Vintage Flying Museum|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
28. ^{{cite web|title=Aeronca L-3B Grasshopper|url=http://www.waaamuseum.org/collections/airplanes/188-Aeronca-L-3B-Grasshopper|website=Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum|publisher=WAAAM|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
29. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Aeronca O-58B Grasshopper, c/r N47751|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=62753|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
30. ^{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N47751]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N47751|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
31. ^{{cite web|title=1941 L-3B Grasshopper|url=http://ag1caf.org/l-3-grasshopper|website=Air Group One|publisher=Air Group One CAF|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
32. ^{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N36687]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N36687|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
33. ^{{cite web|title=CAF Ghost Squadron- The Liaison/Observation Aircraft|url=http://commemorativeairforce.org/airplanes/ghost-squadron/91-caf-aircraft/130-caf-liason-transport|website=Commemorative Air Force Headquarters|publisher=Commemorative Air Force|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
34. ^{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N27336]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N27336|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
35. ^{{cite web|title=L3 "Lil' Show Me"|url=http://cafmo.org/content/our-aircraft/l3/l3.aspx|website=Commemorative Air Force – Missouri Wing|publisher=Commemorative Air Force – Missouri Wing|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
36. ^{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N36681]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N36681|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
37. ^{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N46248]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N46248|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
38. ^{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N48441]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N48441|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
39. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Aeronca50/65 / L-3 Champion / LNR / O-58 / TG-5 / TG-33, c/n 16645|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=86318|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
40. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.airport-data.com/aircraft/N49705.html|title=Aircraft Data N49705, 1942 Aeronca 0-58B C/N 058B-8272|website=www.airport-data.com|language=en|access-date=2017-12-03}}
41. ^ {{Cite Web|url=https://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=46893|website= Federal Aviation Administration|publisher= U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=30 March 2019}}
42. ^{{Ref Jane's|The Aeronca Grasshopper|203–204}}

References

  • {{cite book|last1=Adcock|first1=Al|title=US Liaison Air in Action – Aircraft Number 195|publisher=Squadron Signal Publications|location=Carrollton, Texas|year=2005 |isbn=0-89747-487-2|pages=21–24}}
  • {{cite book|author=Andrade, John M.|title=U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serials Since 1909|publisher=Midland Counties Publications|year=1979|isbn=0-904597-22-9}}
  • {{cite book|author=Abel, Alan|title=Aeronca's Golden Age|publisher=Wind Canyon Books|year=2001|isbn=1-891118-42-0}}
  • {{cite web|url=http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/GENERAL_AVIATION/aeronca/GA7.htm |title=Aeronca L-3 |last=Guillemette |first=Roger |work=US Centennial of Flight Commission |accessdate=2006-01-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060104154049/http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/GENERAL_AVIATION/aeronca/GA7.htm |archivedate=4 January 2006 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
  • {{cite book|last=Mondey|first=David|title=The Concise Guide to American Aircraft of World War II|year=1996|publisher=Chancellor Press|location=London|isbn=185152-706-0}}
  • {{cite book|last=Swanborough|first=F.G.|author2=Peter M. Bowers|title=United States Military Aircraft since 1909|publisher=Putnam|location=London|year=1963}}
  • {{cite journal|title=Venezuela Refurbishes Her Aerial Sombrero|journal=Air International|date=September 1973|volume= 5|issue= 3|pages=118–124, 150}}
  • {{cite web|url=http://aeroweb.brooklyn.cuny.edu/locator/manufact/aeronca/l-3.htm|title=Aeronca L-3 Aircraft Finder|work=AeroWeb: The Aviation Enthusiast Corner|accessdate=2006-01-04|publisher=City University of New York|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060118131450/http://aeroweb.brooklyn.cuny.edu/locator/manufact/aeronca/l-3.htm|archivedate=2006-01-18|df=}}

External links

{{commons category|Aeronca L-3 Grasshopper}}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20060716063053/http://www.wpafb.af.mil/museum/air_power/ap6.htm L-3 page at the National Museum of the United States Air Force]
  • L-3 page at Warbird Alley
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20120210132808/http://www.museoaeronautico.cl/espanol/pop-ficha.php?id=26 L-3 page at Museo Nacional Aeronáutico y del Espacio de Chile]
{{Aeronca}}{{USAF liaison aircraft}}{{USAAF observation aircraft}}{{USAAF glider aircraft}}{{USN glider aircraft}}

5 : United States military utility aircraft 1940–1949|Aeronca aircraft|High-wing aircraft|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1941
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