| 词条 | Neodermata |
| 释义 |
| image = Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) 2013 000-2.jpg | image_alt = Fasciola hepatica, a neodermatan | image_caption = Fasciola hepatica, a neodermatan | status = | status_system = | status_ref = | taxon = Neodermata | authority = Ehlers, 1985 | synonyms = | synonyms_ref = | subdivision_ranks = Orders | subdivision =
}} Neodermata is a clade of rhabditophoran flatworms containing the parasitic groups Trematoda, Monogenea and Cestoda. DescriptionAll neodermatans are parasites, in many groups having a free-swimming larval stage. The most striking feature uniting all neodermatans is that the ciliated epidermis (typical of most flatworms) is cast off in adult worms, being replaced by a syncytium called tegument or neodermis. Other characters found in all neodermatans are related to the anatomy of the protonephridium and the rootlets of epidermal locomotory cilia.[1] PhylogenyCurrently, the monophyly of Neodermata is undisputed, being supported by both morphological and molecular data.[2] It is clear that they evolved from free-living flatworms (turbellarians), but their sister-group was for a long time a matter of debate. The first attempts to reconstruct the phylogeny of flatworms, based on morphological evidence, considered Rhabdocoela to be the sister-group of Neodermata, but this was based on weak morphological similarities and was not supported by molecular studies.[3] The most recent evidences put the order Bothrioplanida as the sister-group of Neodermata, uniting them in a clade called Bothrioneodermata.[3] References1. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Rohde | first1 = K. | title = Phylogeny of platyhelminthes, with special reference to parasitic groups | journal = International Journal for Parasitology | volume = 20 | issue = 8 | year = 1990 | pages = 979–1007 | issn = 0020-7519 | doi = 10.1016/0020-7519(90)90041-K| pmid = 2074143 }} {{Taxonbar|from=Q150983}}2. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Littlewood | first1 = D. T. J. | last2 = Rohde | first2 = K. | last3 = Bray | first3 = R. A. | last4 = Herniou | first4 = E. A. | title = Phylogeny of the Platyhelminthes and the evolution of parasitism | journal = Biological Journal of the Linnean Society | volume = 68 | issue = 1–2 | year = 1999 | pages = 257–287 | issn = 0024-4066 | doi = 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01169.x}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal | last1 = Egger | first1 = B. | last2 = Lapraz | first2 = F. | last3 = Tomiczek | first3 = B. | last4 = Müller | first4 = S. | last5 = Dessimoz | first5 = C. | last6 = Girstmair | first6 = J. | last7 = Škunca | first7 = N. | last8 = Rawlinson | first8 = K. A. | last9 = Cameron | first9 = C. B. | last10 = Beli | first10 = E. | last11 = Todaro | first11 = M. A. | last12 = Gammoudi | first12 = M. | last13 = Norẽna | first13 = C. | last14 = Telford | first14 = M. |title = A transcriptomic-phylogenomic analysis of the evolutionary relationships of flatworms | journal = Current Biology | year = 2015 | volume = 25 | issue = 10 | pages= 1347–1353 | doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2015.03.034| pmid = 25866392 | pmc = 4446793 | bibcode = 1996CBio....6.1213A }} 3 : Rhabditophora|Parasitic platyhelminthes|Protostome unranked clades |
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