| 词条 | Neus Català |
| 释义 |
BiographyNeus Català was born on 6 October 1915 in Els Guiamets (Priorat, Tarragona, Catalonia). However, her godmother officially registered her birth on 15 June that year, because of the disappearance of the documentation of the Municipality of Barcelona after the Spanish Civil War. This date is considered official and was used to celebrate the centenary of her birth. Català obtained her nursing degree in 1937 and moved to Barcelona at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. In 1939, she crossed the French border, taking with her 180 orphaned children of the colony Las Acacias from Premià de Dalt, better known as the Children of Negrin. She collaborated with her husband, the Occitan, Albert Roger,[3] in the activities of the French Resistance, centralizing (at her home) the reception and transmission of messages, documents, weapons, and sheltering political refugees. She was reported to the national socialist authorities by a pharmacist of Sarlat. She and her husband were later arrested by the Nazis in 1943. Català was imprisoned and mistreated in Limoges, and in 1944 she was deported to Ravensbrück, where she was forced to work in the armaments industry. There, she was part of the "Lazy Commandos" (Spanish: Comando de las gandulas), a group of women who boycotted the manufacture of weapons in Holleischen, a factory which depended on the concentration camp of Flossenburg.[4] Thanks to sabotage, the facility produced about 10 million faulty bullets and marred numerous weapons making machines.[5] After her release, she returned to France where she continued her clandestine struggle against Francoist Spain. She lived in Sarcelles, near the city of Paris, and chaired the Association of Victims of Ravensbrück.[6] Currently, she continues her membership in the Communist Party of Catalonia (PCC), United and Alternative Left (EUiA), and the Pere Ardiaca Foundation, of which she is a member of honor. Neus Català's graphic material about Spanish Civil War, Germany Nazi, concentration camps, 1933-2006. It is located in the Pavelló de la República CRAI Library - University of Barcelona . RecognitionThe Generalitat of Catalonia awarded her the Cross of St. George in 2005, and later she was chosen Catalan Person of the Year in 2006 for her defense of the memory of the more than 92,000 women who died in Ravensbrück. In 2006 she also received the Award for Alternative granted by the United and Alternative Left. On 29 October 2014, at the age of 99, the Barcelona City Council awarded Català the Gold Medal of Civic Merit, in recognition for her work to preserve historical memory, the fight against fascism, and the defense of women. In 2015, she received the Gold Medal of the Generalitat of Catalonia, for her struggle for justice and democratic freedom, the memory of those deported to Nazi death camps, and the defense of human rights.[7] Neus Català's YearCatalonia has dedicated 2015 to the memory of Català, who, about to turn one hundred years old, is the last person in Spain that has survived Ravensbrück. This commemoration pays tribute, by extension, to all those who suffered the consequences of war, the Third Reich, and internment in prison camps and death camps. During the presentation, the Minister of Welfare and Family said, "She is a strong and caring woman, an antifascist fighter, a survivor of the Nazi death camps, and the reference and testimony for all the women who fought in the Spanish Civil War and World War II."[8] References1. ^ 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ccma.cat/324/neus-catala-fa-100-anys/noticia/2689359/|title=Neus Català fa 100 anys|publisher=Televisió de Catalunya|author=Staff|date=2015-10-06|accessdate=2016-08-23|language=spanish}} 3. ^{{Cite book|last1= Creus|first1= Jordi|title= Dones contra Franco|date= 2007|publisher= Ara Llibres|location= Barcelona}} 4. ^ACN, Falset (14/06/2015). 5. ^«Neus Català». 6. ^{{Cite book|last1= Creus|first1= Jordi|title= Dones contra Franco|date= 2007|publisher= Ara Llibres|location= Barcelona}} 7. ^March, Oriol. 8. ^Catalunya dedica el 2015 a Neus Català, l'ùltima supervivent de Ravensbrück. Bibliography
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