“Nicholas I (bishop of the Isles)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Nicholas (fl. 1147×1152) was a twelfth-century Bishop-elect of the Isles. There is no evidence that he was ever consecrated.

Career

Nicholas' ecclesiastical predecessor, Wimund, Bishop of the Isles appears to have used his elevated position to violently seek the inheritance of an Earl of Moray in the late 1140s. Wimund's warring against the Scots eventually forced David I to cede him lands near Furness, before Wimund's capture and mutilation in 1152.^[1] It is likely that Wimund's campaigning led to the abandonment of his diocesan see,^[2] and posed a serious problem to the authority of Óláfr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles (died 1153).^[3] A letter from Óláfr to the chapter of York suggests that the king unsuccessfully attempted to have Nicholas consecrated as Bishop of the Isles by Robert de Ghent, Dean of York (died c.1158). The fact that Óláfr interacted with the dean suggests that the correspondence dates between the 1147 deposition of William fitz Herbert, Archbishop of York (died 1154) and the 1152 consecration of Henry Murdac, Archbishop of York (died 1153).^[4] Óláfr's inability to have his man consecrated may have been due to the Wimund episode being unresolved at the time.^[5] According to the twelfth-century Chronica Roberti de Torigneio and the thirteenth-century Flores historiarum, Henry Murdac consecrated John, a Benedictine monk from Normandy, as Bishop of the Isles in 1152.^[6]

Citations

1. ^Oram (2011) pp. 103–104; McDonald (2007) p. 188; Woolf (2004) pp. 103–104; Woolf (2003) pp. 173–174.
2. ^McDonald (2007) pp. 188–189; Woolf (2003) pp. 173–174.
3. ^Beuermann (2014) p. 93 n. 43.
4. ^McDonald (2007) p. 189; Woolf (2003) pp. 173–174; Watt (1994) p. 116, 116 n. 5; Anderson (1908) p. 224 n. 1; Raine (1894) pp. 59–60; Munch; Goss (1874b) pp. 272–273; Haddan; Stubbs (1873) pp. 219–220; Oliver (1861) pp. 49–51; PoMS, H1/13/3 (n.d.); PoMS, No. 7592 (n.d.).
5. ^McDonald (2007) p. 189; Woolf (2003) pp. 173–174.
6. ^Woolf (2003) pp. 173–174; Watt (1994) pp. 116–117; Howlett (1889) p. 167; Giles (1849) p. 506; Coxe (1841) p. 241.

References

Primary sources

{{cite book |year=1908 |editor1-last=Anderson |editor1-first=AO |editor1-link=Alan Orr Anderson |title=Scottish Annals From English Chroniclers, A.D. 500 to 1286 |url=https://archive.org/details/scottishannalsfr00andeuoft |publisher=David Nutt |publication-place=London |via=Internet Archive |ref=YYYYA6 }}

{{cite book |editor-last=Coxe |editor-first=HE |editor-link=Henry Coxe |year=1841 |title=Rogeri de Wendover Chronica, sive Flores Historiarum |volume=Vol. 2 |url=https://archive.org/details/rogeridewendover02roge |series=Bohn's Antiquarian Library |publisher=English Historical Society |publication-place=London |via=Internet Archive |ref=YYYYC5 }}

{{cite book |year=1873 |editor1-last=Haddan |editor1-first=AW |editor1-link=Arthur West Haddan |editor2-last=Stubbs |editor2-first=W |editor2-link=William Stubbs |title=Councils and Ecclesiastical Documents Relating to Great Britain and Ireland |url=https://archive.org/details/p1councilseccles02hadduoft |volume=Vol. 2, pt. 1 |publisher=Clarendon Press |publication-place=Oxford |via=Internet Archive |ref=YYYYH3 }}

{{cite book |year=1889 |editor-last=Howlett |editor-first=R |title=Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I |url=https://archive.org/details/chroniclesofreig04howl |series=Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores |volume=Vol. 4 |publisher=Her Majesty's Stationery Office |publication-place=London |via=Internet Archive |ref=YYYYH4 }}

{{cite book |editor-last=Giles |editor-first=JA |editor-link=John Allen Giles |year=1849 |title=Roger of Wendover's Flowers of History |volume=Vol. 1 |url=https://archive.org/details/rogerofwendovers01rogemiss |series=Bohn's Antiquarian Library |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |publication-place=London |via=Internet Archive |ref=YYYYG3 }}

{{cite book |year=1874 |editor1-last=Munch |editor1-first=PA |editor1-link=Peter Andreas Munch |editor2-last=Goss |editor2-first=A |editor2-link=Alexander Goss |title=Chronica Regvm Manniæ et Insvlarvm: The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys |url=https://archive.org/details/chronicaregvmma01gossgoog |volume=Vol. 2 |publisher=Manx Society |publication-place=Douglas, IM |via=Internet Archive |ref=YYYYM11 }}

{{cite book |year=1861 |editor-last=Oliver |editor-first=JR |title=Monumenta de Insula Manniæ; or, A Collection of National Documents Relating to the Isle of Man |url=https://archive.org/details/monumentadeinsul02oliv |volume=Vol. 2 |publisher=Manx Society |publication-place=Douglas, IM |via=Internet Archive |ref=YYYYO3 }}

{{cite web |url=http://db.poms.ac.uk/record/source/739/ |title=PoMS, H1/13/3 |year=n.d. |website=People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1314 |accessdate=14 December 2016 |ref=YYYYP9 }}

{{cite web |url=http://db.poms.ac.uk/record/factoid/7592/ |title=PoMS Transaction Factoid, No. 7592 |year=n.d. |website=People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1314 |accessdate=14 December 2016 |ref=YYYYP8 }}

{{cite book |year=1894 |editor-last=Raine |editor-first=J |editor-link=James Raine |title=The Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops |url=http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb372363237 |volume=Vol. 3 |publisher=Her Majesty's Stationery Office |publication-place=London |via=Gallica |ref=YYYYR3 }}

Secondary sources

{{cite book |last=Beuermann |first=I |year=2014 |chapter=No Soil for Saints: Why was There No Native Royal Martyr in Man and the Isles |editor1-last=Sigurðsson |editor1-first=JV |editor2-last=Bolton |editor2-first=T |title=Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800–1200 |publisher=Brill |publication-place=Leiden |series=The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures (series vol. 65) |pages=81–95 |isbn=978-90-04-25512-8 |issn=1569-1462 |ref=YYYYB3 }}

{{cite book |last=McDonald |first=RA |year=2007 |title=Manx Kingship in its Irish Sea Setting, 1187–1229: King Rǫgnvaldr and the Crovan Dynasty |publisher=Four Courts Press |publication-place=Dublin |isbn=978-1-84682-047-2 |ref=YYYYM2 }}

{{cite book |last=Oram |first=RD |authorlink=Richard Oram |year=2011 |title=Domination and Lordship: Scotland 1070–1230 |series=The New Edinburgh History of Scotland (series vol. 3) |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |publication-place=Edinburgh |isbn=978-0-7486-1496-7 |via=Google Books and Questia |subscription=yes |ref=YYYYO1 }}

{{cite journal |last=Watt |first=DER |authorlink=D. E. R. Watt |year=1994 |title=Bishops in the Isles Before 1203: Bibliography and Biographical Lists |journal=The Innes Review |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=99–119 |doi=10.3366/inr.1994.45.2.99 |issn=0020-157X |eissn=1745-5219 |ref=YYYYW6 }}

{{cite book |last=Woolf |first=A |authorlink=Alex Woolf |year=2003 |chapter=The Diocese of the Sudreyar |editor-last=Imsen |editor-first=S |editor-link=Steinar Imsen |title=Ecclesia Nidrosiensis, 1153–1537: Søkelys på Nidaroskirkens og Nidarosprovinsens Historie |publisher=Tapir Akademisk Forlag |pages=171–181 |isbn=978-82-519-1873-2 |via=Academia.edu |ref=YYYYW5 }}

{{cite book |last=Woolf |first=A |authorlink=Alex Woolf |year=2004 |chapter=The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300 |editor1-last=Omand |editor1-first=D |title=The Argyll Book |publisher=Birlinn |publication-place=Edinburgh |pages=94–109 |isbn=1-84158-253-0 |ref=YYYYW2 }}

3 : 12th-century Roman Catholic bishops|Bishops of the Isles|People of the Kingdom of the Isles