| 词条 | Afshar people |
| 释义 |
|group = Afshar |image= |poptime = |popplace = Iran, Turkey, Azerbaijan |languages = Afshar, Azerbaijani, Persian and Turkish |rels = Islam |related = Azerbaijani people and other Turkic peoples }} The Afshar, also spelled Awshar or Afşar, are one of the Oghuz Turkic peoples.[1] These originally nomadic Oghuz tribes moved from Central Asia and initially settled in what is now Iranian Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan Republic, Eastern Turkey. Later some of them were relocated by the Safavids to Khurasan, Kerman and Mazandaran.[2] Today, they are variously grouped as a branch of the Azerbaijanis[3] and Turkmens[4][5] or Turkomans.[6] Afshars in Iran remain a largely nomadic group,[7] with tribes in central Anatolia, northern Iran, and Azerbaijan.[8] They were the source of the Afsharid, Karamanid dynasties,[9] Baku Khanate, Zanjan Khanate and Urmia Khanate. Nader Shah, who became the monarch of Iran in 1736, was from the Qirkhli ({{lang-fa|قرخلو}}) tribe of Afshar.[10][11]Afshars in Turkey mostly live in Sarız, Tomarza and Pınarbaşı districts of Kayseri province, as well as in several villages in Adana, Kahramanmaraş and Gaziantep provinces.[12] Afshars in TurkeyMost of Afshars in Turkey are descendants of those who migrated from Iran after the fall of Nader Shah. This is hinted in one of poems by Dadaloğlu, famous Afshar bard during Afshar resistance against forced settlements in Ottoman Empire: "Kabaktepe asıl köyüm Nadir Şah'tan gelir soyum" (Kabaktepe is my home village, Down from Nader Shah comes my lineage) While Afshars had remained nomadic and retained their Oghuz lifestyle, forced settlements caused them to adopt a settled lifestyle. A resistance against Ottomans under spiritual leadership of the bard Dadaloğlu and local Afshar lord Kozanoğlu was proven futile.[13] See also
Notes1. ^{{cite web |first=P. |last=Oberling |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=AFŠĀR |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/afsar |work= |publisher=Encyclopedia Iranica |location= |trans-title=|page= |pages= |doi= |date= |month= |year= |quote=AFŠĀR, one of the twenty-four original Ḡuz Turkic tribes |accessdate=9 July 2009}} 2. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=gzpdq679oJwC&pg=PA89 Iran's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook], ed. Massoume Price, (ABC-CLIO, 2005), pp. 75, 89. 3. ^Richard V. Weekes. Muslim peoples: a world ethnographic survey. AZERI. — Greenwood Press, 1978 — p. 56 — {{ISBN|9780837198804}} 4. ^From multilingual empire to contested modern state, Touraj Atabaki, Iran in the 21st Century: Politics, Economics & Conflict, ed. Homa Katouzian, Hossein Shahidi, (Routledge, 2008), 41. 5. ^James J. Reid, Crisis of the Ottoman Empire: Prelude to Collapse 1839-1878, (Franz Steiner Verlag, 2000), 209. 6. ^The Afghan Interlude and the Zand and Afshar Dynasties (1722-95), Kamran Scot Aghaie, The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History, ed. Touraj Daryaee, (Oxford University Press, 2012), 308. 7. ^Encyclopedia of The Modern Middle East and North Africa, (Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2004) P. 1112 8. ^http://www.baluch-rugs.com/History/People/Afshar_Anatolia.htm 9. ^Claude Cahen, Pre-Ottoman Turkey: a general survey of the material and spiritual culture and history c. 1071-1330, trans. J. Jones-Williams (New York: Taplinger, 1968), 281-2. 10. ^Tribal resurgence and the Decline of the bureaucracy in the eighteenth century, A.K.S. Lambton, Studies in Eighteenth Century Islamic History, ed. Thomas Naff; Roger Owen, (Southern Illinois University Press, 1977), 108-109. {{Subscription required |via=Questia}} 11. ^The Struggle for Persia, 1709-1785, Cambridge Illustrated Atlas, Warfare: Renaissance to Revolution, 1492-1792, ed. Jeremy Black, (Cambridge University Press, 1996), 142. 12. ^Özdemir, Ahmet Z., Avşarlar ve Dadaloğlu, {{ISBN|9789756083406}} 13. ^Özdemir, Ahmet Z., Avşarlar ve Dadaloğlu, {{ISBN|9789756083406}} References
4 : Ethnic groups in Iran|Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan|Ethnic groups in Turkey|Oghuz Turks |
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