词条 | Nirma Zárate |
释义 |
Nirma Zárate (1936-1999) was a Colombian artist, professor and researcher famously known for her abstract works. Zárate was born in Bogota, Colombia. She grew up in Colombia during World War II. The war had many implications on Colombian lifestyle and politics at the time, first supporting the Axis powers and was in a constant state of shifting between its military powers and societal aspects due to U.S. intervention. Colombia finally shifted to supporting the allies after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. During this time, Colombia was in a severe state of poverty where children roamed the streets in high numbers and were called, gamines. During this time high discrimination and violence from police towards impoverished children were extremely high.[1] With these influences in her life, she began with Abstract Art in her hometown of Bogota, where her work portrayed these horrendous conditions and flourished. She then moved on to Pop Art. Her first exhibition was as a student in Bogota and after, she moved to the United States, she settled in Washington where she was chosen by Union Panamericana De Washington to participate in an exhibition of great Colombian art.[1] Later in her career, Zárate was known to be a part of the "Taller 4 Rojo". She died in her hometown of Bogota, in 1999. EducationNirma studied art from the 1950s through the 1960s. She began her studies in art at the University of Los Andes in 1955. She went on to graduate from the School of Fine Arts at the National University of Colombia.[1] In 1969, he moved to London to study engraving at the Royal Academy of Arts in London thanks to a British Council Scholarship.[1] Chronology[1]1936: Born in Bogotá. 1955: She began her painting studies at the Universidad de los Andes. 1958: In charge of the chair of drawing at the National Pedagogical Institute. 1960: She graduated from the School of Fine Arts of the National University of Colombia and made an individual exhibition at the National Library. 1961: Commissioned by the National University, makes a tour of cultural approach by the countries of South America. 1962: She makes a trip of studies to the United States and it is based in Washington. 1963: Second Painting Prize at the XV Salón de Artistas Colombianos. 1964: She obtained the second prize of Painting in the "Intercol" Salon of young artists and made an abstract painting exhibition in the Luis Ángel Arango Library of Bogotá (BLAA). 1967: She enters as a professor at the Universidad de los Andes. 1968: Make the exhibition Pinturas en la BLAA. 1969: She moved to London to study engraving at the Royal Academy of Arts in London. 1970: Returns to Colombia and establishes a Graphic Arts workshop with Diego Arango called Taller 4 Rojo. 1971: Participates in the Colombian Illustrators and Engravers Exhibition organized in the BLAA by Germán Rubiano Caballero and in the First American Biennial of Graphic Arts in Cali. 1972: Exhibits at the Second Latin American Engraving Biennial in San Juan. 1980: Make a mural about the strength of the union movement in Antioquia in Sintradepartamento, with the support of Alexis Forero, Teresa Quiñones and Felipe Larrea. 1983: Decides to start and study in New York. 1984: Participates in the exhibition Alquimia de papel, from the Galería Acosta Valencia in Bogotá. 1986: Handprints exhibition on handmade paper, Museum of Modern Art of Bogotá. 1988: Exhibition Paper and fibers, Museum of Art and Popular Traditions. 1989: Fibras Exhibition, Art Center in Medellín. 1990: Handmade Paper Exhibition, Colombian Fund for Scientific Research. 1992: Participates in Atmospheres Andinas, Bolivarian Museum, Quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino, Santa Marta. 1994: XXXV National Salon of Artists, Corferias. 1999: Dies in the city of Bogotá. ArtworkVuelta a Colombia... en bicicleta, 1968Nirma Zárate Pintura, acrílico y óleo sobre tela 200 x 163 cm Colección Banco de la República registro 0289 Description- Four frames of equal size make up the acrylic painting Vuelta a Colombia ... by Nirma Zárate's bicycle. The artist located in the center of the modules the image, seen from behind, of the trunk, head, thighs and arms of a cyclist who holds the handlebar with his hands and wears his respective dress shirt and tight shorts.[2] [https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/aggression-to-vietnam-agresión-a-vietnam/ewGfzjyQenQOUQ Aggression to Vietnam, 1970]Nirma Zarate Fotoserigrafía w60 x h50 cm MAC Description- This print via silkscreen depicts a woman through three stages of the war. All three stages have a dollar bill with different U.S. based companies and as the frames move on the dollar bill starts to burn up until it is nearly gone. The woman gets happier the more the dollar burns. This piece was done to protest the Vietnam war and depicts why the U.S. went to war in the first place, according to the artist. El algodón 1 - Los iguazos, 1980Nirma Zarate Serigrafía, fotograbado 70 x 50 cm Fecha de ingreso a la colección- Jueves, 22 Diciembre 1988 Banco De La Republica Description- Depicts a field worker at the top holding a hoe and almost like a grin on his face, while a line of people walk with luggage below him. Exhibition1964 Nirma Zarate of Colombia: Oils, Organization of American States, Washington, DC1968 Nirma Zarate, Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango, Bogota1986 Huellas papel hecho a mano: Nirma Zárate, Museo de Arte Moderno de Bogota 1988 El papel y las fibras, Museo de Arte y Tradiciones Populares, Santafé de Bogotá 1989 Fibras, Centro de Arte, Medellin, Colombia 1992 Atmosferas andinas, Museo Bolivariano de Arte Contemporaneo, Santa Marta, Colombia CollectionsOne particularly strong political work, [https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/aggression-to-vietnam-agresión-a-vietnam/ewGfzjyQenQOUQ Aggression to Vietnam], by Zárate and Arango was added to the Google Arts Project, an online art archive of famous works, in collaboration with the Museum of Contemporary Art Bogota (MAC) in 2017 as part of a partnership to upload famous and highly sought after art works into an online library available to users all around the world.[3][4] Taller 4 RojoThe Taller 4 Rojo, who believed in political expression and resistance through graphic arts and teaching, was originally founded by Zárate and her husband Diego Arango after studying graphic arts at the Royal Academy in London. Specifics on when and how the group was actually founded is a mystery as every artist has a different version, with some saying 1971 and others 1972. The group slowly grew and included other artists such as Carlos Granada and Jorge Mora.[5] The group later gained momentum and grew to include other artists as members of the board, which included Zárate, Arango, Jorge Mora, Jorge Villegas, Germán Rojas, Umberto Giangrandi, Carlos Granada, and Fabio Rodriguez. [1] The key to the group's growth and success at the time, especially in a hostile political environment, was that the artists themselves had an interdisciplinary approach in which they created the art, taught others how to create art, and were politically involved themselves. The group was a safe haven and place where everyone had a voice and these voices were expressed through prints on postcards, pamphlets and publications for social movements. Classes were offered in order to teach community members how to print and become involved. The school was called Taller Escuela de Artes Gráficas 4 Rojo, and two courses were offered in graphic arts. The first was a beginners course and the second was an advanced course mostly for college art students but open to those with enough skill.[5] Accolades1961: Grant to travel in South America 1963: Awarded second place in the painting category in the Colombian National Salon 1969-70: British Council scholarship to study silk screen in England 1983-84: Pratt Institute scholarship to study printmaking [6]References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web|url=http://enciclopedia.banrepcultural.org/index.php?title=Nirma_Zárate|title=Enciclopedia {{!}} Banrepcultural|last=|first=|date=|website=enciclopedia.banrepcultural.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-02-03}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/warhol/colombia/zarate.html#artista|title=Andy Warhol - Mr. America / Colombia y el arte pop / Nirma Zárate|website=www.banrepcultural.org|access-date=2019-03-10}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.sybariscollection.com/museum-highlight-museum-contemporary-art-bogota-mac/|title=Museum Highlight: Museum of Contemporary Art of Bogota (MAC)|date=2017-11-20|website=Sybaris Collection|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-03}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.colarte.com/colarte/ConsPintores.asp?idartista=529&pest=obras|title=Nirma Zarate, Pintores{{!}} ColArte {{!}} Colombia|website=www.colarte.com|access-date=2019-03-10}} 5. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://icaadocs.mfah.org/icaadocs/THEARCHIVE/FullRecord/tabid/88/doc/1135790/language/en-US/Default.aspx|title=ICAA Documents > THE ARCHIVE > Full Record|website=icaadocs.mfah.org|access-date=2019-02-03}} 6. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://newcatalog.library.cornell.edu/catalog/10214831|title=Radical women: Latin American art, 1960-1985|last=Fajardo-Hill|first=Cecilia|date=2017|publisher=Hammer Museum and DelMonico Books/Prestel|others=Hammer Museum|year=|isbn=9783791356808|location=Los Angeles|pages=355|language=English}} External Linkshttps://www.sybariscollection.com/museum-highlight-museum-contemporary-art-bogota-mac/ http://www.transhistoria.laveneno.org/imagenes/TxtLIT.pdf http://www.colarte.com/colarte/ConsPintores.asp?idartista=529&pest=recuento {{DEFAULTSORT:Zárate, Nirma}} 3 : 1936 births|1999 deaths|Colombian artists |
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