| 词条 | Bernard Katz |
| 释义 |
|name = Sir Bernard Katz | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|FRS}} |image_size = 160px |caption = |birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1911|3|26}} |birth_place = Leipzig, German Empire |residence = |nationality = |death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2003|4|20|1911|3|26}} |death_place = London, UK |death_cause = | influenced = Bernard Ginsborg |field = Neurophysiology |work_institution = University College London University of Sydney Sydney Hospital |alma_mater = University of Leipzig |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |academic_advisors = Archibald Hill |known_for = Neurophysiology of the synapse in 197 |prizes = {{Plainlist|
|religion = |footnotes = |spouse=Marguerite ("Rita") Penly Katz (d.1999) (2 children) }}{{Commonscat}} Sir Bernard Katz, FRS[1] (26 March 1911 – 20 April 2003)[2] was a German-born Australian physician and biophysicist, noted for his work on nerve physiology. He shared the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1970 with Julius Axelrod and Ulf von Euler. He was knighted in 1969. Life and careerKatz was born in Leipzig, Germany, to a Jewish family originally from Russia, the son of Eugenie (Rabinowitz) and Max Katz, a fur merchant.[3] He was educated at the Albert Gymnasium in that city from 1921 to 1929 and went on to study medicine at the University of Leipzig. He graduated in 1934 and fled to Britain in February 1935, because the rise of Hitler made for a dangerous environment for Jews. Katz went to work at University College London, initially under the tutelage of Archibald Vivian Hill. He finished his PhD in 1938 and won a Carnegie Fellowship to study with John Carew Eccles at the Kanematsu Institute of Sydney Medical School.[4] During this time, both he and Eccles gave research lectures at the University of Sydney.[5] He was naturalised in 1941 and joined the Royal Australian Air Force in 1942. He spent the war in the Pacific as a radar officer and returned to UCL as an assistant director in 1946. Back in England he also worked with the 1963 Nobel prize winners Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley. Katz was made a professor at UCL in 1952 and head of biophysics, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1952.[1] He stayed as head of biophysics until 1978 when he became emeritus professor. Katz married Marguerite Penly in 1945. He died in London on 20 April 2003, at the age of 92. He is survived by his two sons, David and Jonathan.[3] David is a practising doctor, while Jonathan is Public Orator of The University of Oxford. ResearchHis research uncovered fundamental properties of synapses, the junctions across which nerve cells signal to each other and to other types of cells. By the 1950s, he was studying the biochemistry and action of acetylcholine, a signalling molecule found in synapses linking motor neurons to muscles,[6] used to stimulate contraction. Katz won the Nobel for his discovery with Paul Fatt that neurotransmitter release at synapses is "quantal", meaning that at any particular synapse, the amount of neurotransmitter released is never less than a certain amount, and if more is always an integral number times this amount. Scientists now understand that this circumstance arises because, prior to their release into the synaptic gap, transmitter molecules reside in like-sized subcellular packages known as synaptic vesicles, released in a similar way to any other vesicle during exocytosis. Katz's work had immediate influence on the study of organophosphates and organochlorines, the basis of new post-war study for nerve agents and pesticides, as he determined that the complex enzyme cycle was easily disrupted. References1. ^1 {{cite journal|doi= 10.1098/rsbm.2007.0013 |pmid= 18543466 |title= Bernard Katz. 26 March 1911 -- 20 April 2003: Elected 1952 |journal= Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society |volume= 53 |pages= 185–202 |year= 2007 |last1= Sakmann |first1= B. }} 2. ^{{cite journal|url=http://ep.physoc.org/cgi/issue_pdf/frontmatter_pdf/74/1.pdf|format=PDF|title=School of Katz|year=1990|journal=Quarterly Journal of Experimental Biology}} 3. ^1 https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1970/katz-bio.html 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://sydney.edu.au/medicine/research/units/kanematsu.php|title=Archived copy |accessdate=10 November 2014|deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110050316/http://sydney.edu.au/medicine/research/units/kanematsu.php |archivedate=10 November 2014 |df= }} 5. ^http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/australias-nobel-laureates 6. ^The Release of Neural Transmitter Substances (The Sherrington Lectures X), Charles C Thomas Publisher, Springfield (Illinois) 1969, pp. 60 External links
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