“Non-fungible token”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

A non-fungible token (NFT) is a special type of cryptographic token which represents something unique; non-fungible tokens are thus not interchangeable. This is in contrast to cryptocurrencies like bitcoin, and many network or utility tokens that are fungible in nature.^[1]

Applications

Non-fungible tokens are used to create verifiable digital scarcity. NFTs are used in several specific applications that require unique digital items like crypto-collectibles and crypto-gaming. Popular blockchain games like CryptoKitties make use of non-fungible tokens on the Ethereum blockchain.^[2] NFTs are used to represent in-game assets, which are in control of the user instead of the game developer.^[3] NFTs also find potential use in digital art, by helping prove authenticity and ownership.^[4]

Implementation

The Ethereum community has adopted the ERC-721^[5]^[6] protocol as a standard for Non-Fungible Tokens on Ethereum. Projects like CryptoKitties, CryptoPunks,^[6] and Decentraland^[7] follow the ERC-721 protocol for their NFTs.

The Ontology community has adopted the OEP-5^[8] protocol as a standard for Non-Fungible Tokens on Ontology. Projects like HyperDragonsGo^[9] follow the OEP-5 protocol for their NFTs.

Growth and mainstream appeal

Non-fungible tokens made their way into mainstream news when CryptoKitties went viral ^[10]^[11] and subsequently raised a $12.5 million investment.^[12] RareBits, a Non-Fungible Token marketplace and exchange, raised a $6 million investment.^[13] OpenSea, a Y-Combinator backed NFT marketplace raised $2 million in its seed round.^[14] Gamedex, a collectible cards game platform made possible by NFTs, raised a $800,000 seed round.^[15] Decentraland, a blockchain-based virtual world, raised $26 million in an initial coin offering,^[16] and had a $20 million internal economy {{asof|2018|09|lc=y}}.^[17] NFT standards could also allow users to transfer in-game items from one game to another.^[18]

References

1. ^{{Cite news|url=https://mashable.com/article/gods-unchained-trailer/|title=Crypto trading card game 'Gods Unchained' looks pretty sweet in first gameplay trailer|last=Schroeder|first=Stan|work=Mashable|access-date=2018-11-18|language=en}}
2. ^{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/1144169/the-ethereum-world-is-now-obsessed-with-breeding-cartoon-cats/|title=The ethereum world is now obsessed with breeding cartoon cats|last=Wong|first=Joon Ian|work=Quartz|access-date=2018-05-02|language=en-US}}
3. ^{{Cite news|url=https://venturebeat.com/2017/12/04/cryptokitties-shows-everything-can-and-will-be-tokenized/|title=CryptoKitties shows everything can — and will — be tokenized|date=2017-12-04|work=VentureBeat|access-date=2018-05-02|language=en-US}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://irishtechnews.ie/the-art-world-needs-blockchain/|title=The Art World Needs Blockchain – Irish Tech News|website=irishtechnews.ie|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-02}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-721.md|title=ethereum/EIPs|website=GitHub|language=en|access-date=2018-05-02}}
6. ^¹{{Cite news|url=https://www.coindesk.com/crypto-collectables-ethereums-next-killer-app-is-on-its-way/|title=Crypto Collectables? Ethereum's Next Killer App Is on Its Way - CoinDesk|date=2017-12-15|work=CoinDesk|access-date=2018-05-02|language=en-US}}
7. ^{{Cite news|url=https://blog.decentraland.org/cryptocollectibles-decentraland-and-you-130676002015|title=Decentraland as a Playground for Crypto-Collectibles|date=2017-12-13|work=Decentraland|access-date=2018-05-02}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/ontio/OEPs/blob/master/OEPS/OEP-5.mediawiki|title=ontio/OEPs|website=GitHub|language=en|access-date=2019-04-06}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://hyd-go.alfakingdom.com/|title=HyperDragons Go!|language=en|access-date=2019-04-06}}
10. ^{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/1145833/cryptokitties-is-causing-ethereum-network-congestion/|title=CryptoKitties is jamming up the ethereum network|last=Wong|first=Joon Ian|work=Quartz|access-date=2018-05-10|language=en-US}}
11. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-04/cryptokitties-quickly-becomes-most-widely-used-ethereum-app|title=CryptoKitties Mania Overwhelms Ethereum Network's Processing|date=2017-12-04|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=2018-05-10|language=en}}
12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/03/20/cryptokitties-raises-12m-from-andreessen-horowitz-and-union-square-ventures/|title=CryptoKitties raises $12M from Andreessen Horowitz and Union Square Ventures – TechCrunch|website=techcrunch.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-07}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/04/19/rare-bits-crypto-marketplace/|title=Crypto-collectibles and Kitties marketplace Rare Bits raises $6M – TechCrunch|website=techcrunch.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-07}}
14. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.coindesk.com/ebay-cryptokitties-raises-2-million-star-vcs/|title='Ebay for CryptoKitties' Raises $2 Million from All-Star VCs - CoinDesk|date=2018-05-10|work=CoinDesk|access-date=2018-10-22|language=en-US}}
15. ^{{Cite web|url=https://techstartups.com/2018/07/16/blockchain-startup-gamedex-raises-0-8-million-seed-round-build-platform-digital-collectible-card-games-like-pokemon//|title=Blockchain startup Gamedex raises $0.8 million seed round to build platform for digital collectible card games like Pokemon – TechStartups|website=techstartups.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-07}}
16. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-12/making-a-killing-in-virtual-real-estate |title=Making a Killing in Virtual Real Estate |last=Russo |first=Camilla |date=2018-06-12 |work=Bloomberg |access-date=2018-09-05}}
17. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/people-are-making-more-than-500-buying-property-that-doesnt-actually-exist-2018-09-04 |title=People are making more than 500% buying property that doesn’t actually exist |last=Hankin |first=Aaron |date=2018-09-04 |work=MarketWatch |access-date=2018-09-05 |language=en-US}}
18. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesfinancecouncil/2018/10/19/what-could-cryptokitties-mean-for-the-future-of-ownership/|title=What Could CryptoKitties Mean For The Future Of Ownership?|last=Kameir|first=Christian|work=Forbes|access-date=2018-10-25|language=en}}