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词条 Nonresident voting at Irish presidential elections
释义

  1. Statutory background

  2. Political background

     Constitutional Convention  Government response 

  3. References

     Sources  Citations 

  4. External links

The current government of Ireland proposes to hold a referendum in October 2019 extending the franchise in presidential elections to nonresident citizens. At present, the only nonresident voting rights in Ireland are for university constituencies in Seanad Éireann and some public servants posted abroad.

Statutory background

Article 12.2.2° of the Constitution of Ireland states:

Every citizen who has the right to vote at an election for members of Dáil Éireann shall have the right to vote at an election for President.

Article 16.1.2° of the Constitution states, in relation to Dáil Éireann (the lower house of the Oireachtas or parliament):

i All citizens, and
ii such other persons in the State as may be determined by law,
without distinction of sex who have reached the age of eighteen years who are not disqualified by law and comply with the provisions of the law relating to the election of members of Dáil Éireann, shall have the right to vote at an election for members of Dáil Éireann.

Section 8(1) of the Electoral Act 1992 states:

A person shall be entitled to be registered as a Dáil elector in a constituency if he has reached the age of eighteen years and he was, on the qualifying date—
(a) a citizen of Ireland, and
(b) ordinarily resident in that constituency.

The Electoral Act 1992 is an ordinary act of the Oireachtas which can be amended by a subsequent act of the Oireachtas; the Constitution can be amended by act of the Oireachtas but subject to approval of the electorate at a referendum.

Political background

The Irish diaspora is large and the question of voting rights for emigrants and other expatriates has arisen continually since the 1980s. The Oireachtas committee on the constitution considered the matter in 2002; it recommended no extension of the franchise, but that among the senators nominated by the Taoiseach (prime minister) should be "a person or persons with an awareness of emigrant issues".[1]

Constitutional Convention

The Constitutional Convention established in 2012 was directed to report on several isues, including "giving citizens resident outside the State the right to vote in Presidential elections at Irish embassies, or otherwise".[2] It considered the matter at its plenary meeting on 28–29 September 2013 and recommended allowing expatriate citizens to vote. It made some more detailed discussions, voting as follows:

  • Should citizens resident outside the State have the right to vote in Presidential elections? Yes 78–21 No
  • Should citizens resident in Northern Ireland have the right to vote in Presidential elections? Yes 73–20 No

Restrictions:

Restriction Percentage
All Irish citizens resident outside the island of Ireland 36
Just citizens who have lived in Republic of Ireland 26
Just citizens who have lived in Republic of Ireland as adults within the last...
... (number of years) 5 10 15 20 25 No limit
Percentage 14 17 20 6 4 38
 27
Undecided/No opinion 11

Government response

Although the Fine Gael–Labour coalition government was supposed to give an official response in the Dáil within four months of receiving the Convention's report, it was not until January 2016 that Ann Phelan said it was "committed to undertaking ... analysis" of the "complex and inter-related issues" involved in the recommendation.[3] It had already responded in March 2015 to a European Commission communication on "the consequences of disenfranchisement of Union citizens exercising their right to free movement", saying "policy, legal and practical issues" on diaspora voting should be considered by the Minister for the Environment, Community and Local Government, the Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade and the Minister of State with responsibility for diaspora affairs;[4][5] in October 2015, Paudie Coffey said this work had begun.[6]

In 2017 the government formed after the 2016 election accepted the Convention's 2013 recommendation, published a position paper listing seven options for eligibility criteria and associated implementation measures, and promised a constitutional referendum on whichever option it would select, to be held in May 2019 alongside the local elections.[7][8] The seven options were:[7]

  1. . All citizens resident outside the State;
  2. . All citizens on the island of Ireland, and all citizens outside the island of Ireland for a period of time who have lived in the State;
  3. . All citizens on the island of Ireland, and all citizens who have left the island in the previous 15 or 20 years;
  4. . All citizens on the island of Ireland, and all citizens resident outside the outside the island of Ireland who hold a valid Irish passport;
  5. . All citizens resident outside the State who were previously registered to vote in the State;
  6. . Citizens resident outside the State who were born on the island of Ireland; or
  7. . All citizens on the island and all citizens resident outside the island of Ireland who were born on the island or who have lived on the island for at least one year.

In February 2019, the government decided that, due to the urgency of dealing with Brexit, the referendum would be postponed until October; it also agreed that the proposal would be "an extension of the franchise to all citizens resident outside the State, including citizens resident in Northern Ireland".[9]

References

Sources

  • {{cite web |title=Electoral Act, 1992 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1992/act/23/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |accessdate=28 March 2019 |language=en}}
  • {{cite web |title=Constitution of Ireland |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |accessdate=28 March 2019 |language=en}}
  • {{cite web|url=http://www.constitutionalconvention.ie/AttachmentDownload.ashx?mid=bf489ec7-9556-e311-8571-005056a32ee4 |title=Fifth Report: Amending the Constitution to give citizens resident outside the State the right to vote in Presidential elections at Irish embassies, or otherwise|date=November 2013|author=Convention on the Constitution|accessdate=28 March 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106112520/https://www.constitution.ie/AttachmentDownload.ashx?mid=bf489ec7-9556-e311-8571-005056a32ee4|archivedate=6 November 2017}}
  • {{cite journal|last=Honohan|first=Iseult|year=2011|title=Should Irish Emigrants have Votes? External Voting in Ireland|journal=Irish Political Studies|volume=26|issue=4|pages=545–561 |issn=0790-7184|doi=10.1080/07907184.2011.619749|url=http://irserver.ucd.ie/bitstream/handle/10197/4346/Honohan_Irish_emigrants_voting_pre-print.pdf |format=PDF }}
  • {{cite book |author=Oireachtas All-party committee on the Constitution |title=Seventh Progress Report: Parliament |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020173339/https://www.constitution.ie/Documents/Oireachtas%207th-Report-Parliament%202002.pdf#pages=40 |format=PDF |year=2002 |pages=40–59 |chapter=Chapter 4: Northern Ireland and emigrant participation in national political life}}

Citations

1. ^Oireachtas All-party committee on the Constitution p.59
2. ^{{cite web |title=Constitutional Convention: Motion |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2012-07-10/30/ |website=Dáil Éireann (31st Dáil) debates |publisher=Houses of the Oireachtas |accessdate=28 March 2019 |language=en-ie |date=10 July 2012}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail2016011400039|title=Convention on the Constitution Final Reports: Statements|date=14 January 2016|work=Dáil Éireann debates|accessdate=15 January 2016}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail2015060900026?opendocument|title=Constitutional Convention Recommendations (Continued)|last=Kenny|first=Enda|date=9 June 2015|work=Dáil Éireann debates|accessdate=27 November 2015}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://merrionstreet.ie/en/News-Room/Speeches/Minister_Deenihan_address_to_the_Seanad_on_Global_Irish_Ireland%E2%80%99s_Diaspora_Policy_10_March_2015.html|title=Minister Deenihan address to the Seanad on Global Irish: Ireland’s Diaspora Policy|date=10 March 2015|work=MerrionStreet.ie|publisher=Government of Ireland |quote=But we cannot ignore the fact that this is not straightforward and there are a number of policy, legal and practical issues that have to be thoroughly considered. The Government has asked Minister Kelly in cooperation with Minister Flanagan and myself to analyse these issues and report back to Government and that is what we will do. |accessdate=27 November 2015}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail2015102300012#N11|title=Report of the Joint Committee on European Union Affairs on Voting Rights of Irish Citizens Abroad: Motion (Continued)|date=23 October 2015|work=Dáil Éireann debates|publisher=Oireachtas|accessdate=27 November 2015}}
7. ^1 {{cite press release |url=https://merrionstreet.ie/en/News-Room/Releases/Coveney_publishes_an_Options_Paper_on_extending_the_eligibility_for_citizens_resident_outside_the_State_to_vote_at_presidential_elections.html |title=Coveney publishes an Options Paper on extending the eligibility for citizens resident outside the State to vote at presidential elections |date=22 March 2017|work=MerrionStreet|publisher=Government of Ireland|accessdate=23 April 2018}}
8. ^{{Cite press release |url=http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/eng/News/Taoiseach's_Press_Releases/Announcement_by_the_Taoiseach_on_Voting_Rights_in_Presidential_Elections_for_Irish_Citizens_outside_the_State.html |title=Announcement by the Taoiseach on Voting Rights in Presidential Elections for Irish Citizens outside the State |last=Ruth |first=Maguire |publisher=Department of the Taoiseach |access-date=2017-03-23}}; {{cite web|url=https://www.kildarestreet.com/wrans/?id=2018-04-17a.4040#g4046.r|title=Postal Voting|date=17 April 2018|work=Written answers|publisher=KildareStreet.com|accessdate=23 April 2018|quote=the proposed referendum on extending the franchise at presidential elections to Irish citizens resident outside the State which it is intended will be held on the same date as the local and European elections in late May/early June 2019}}
9. ^{{cite web |last1=Phelan |first1=John Paul |authorlink1=John Paul Phelan |title=Referendum Campaigns: |url=https://www.kildarestreet.com/wrans/?id=2019-02-20a.80 |website=Written answers |publisher=KildareStreet.com |accessdate=28 March 2019 |date=20 February 2019}}

External links

  • Constitutional Convention website:
    • Submissions from the public (Select Category "Right to Vote")
    • Video Archive > Right to Vote presentations at the plenary session
{{Amendments of the Constitution of Ireland}}

12 : Expatriate voting|Electoral reform in the Republic of Ireland|Irish diaspora|Presidential elections in Ireland|Amendments of the Constitution of Ireland|Constitutional referendums in the Republic of Ireland|2019 in Irish law|2019 in Irish politics|2019 referendums|October 2019 events in Europe|Future referendums|Proposed laws of Ireland
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