“Agathe (atomic test)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Agathe (atomic test)

释义

Specifics
Programme
Known incidents
See also
Notes

{{Refimprove|date=September 2015}}Agathe (aka Agate) was the name of the first French nuclear underground test. It was an atomic bomb detonated in the Hoggar mount (near In Ekker) of the then French Sahara desert on November 7, 1961, during the Algerian War (1954–62).^[1]

Agathe was the first test of the jewel designation series running from 1961 until 1966. Minor and major incidents occurred during these experiments, the most important being the Beryl incident on May 1, 1962, where the nine militarymen of the 621ème Groupe d'Armes Spéciales unit were heavily contaminated (600 mSv) as portrayed in the 2006 docudrama Vive La Bombe!. The French Defence Minister Pierre Messmer and other officials and civilians were present in the command post and were contaminated too (around >200 mSv).

Specifics

Time: 7 November 1961 (GMT)
Location: Hoggar mount (near In Ekker)
Yield: 10 kt

Programme

1961-11-07: Agathe (Agate): 10 kt
1962-05-01: Béryl (Beryl): 40 kt
1963-03-18: Émeraude (Emerald): 10 kt
1963-03-30: Améthyste (Amethyst): 2.5 kt
1963-10-20: Rubis (Ruby): 52 kt
1964-02-14: Opale (Opal): 3.7 kt
1964-06-15: Topaze (Topaz): 2.5 kt
1964-11-28: Turquoise (Turquoise): 10 kt
1965-02-27: Saphir (Sapphire): 127 kt
1965-05-30: Jade (Jade): 2.5 kt
1965-10-01: Corindon (Corundum): 2.5 kt
1965-12-01: Tourmaline (Tourmaline): 10 kt
1966-02-16: Grenat (Garnet): 13 kt

Known incidents

The millisievert (mSv) is commonly used to measure the effective dose in diagnostic medical procedures. See radiation poisoning for a more complete analysis of effects of various dosage levels.

1962-05-01: Béryl casualties

100 pers. (>50 mSv)

15 pers. (>200 mSv)

9 pers. (600 mSv)

possibly 240 pers. (<2.5 mSv)

1963-03-30: Améthyste casualties

13 pers. (=10 mSv)

280 pers. (<1 mSv)

1963-10-20: Rubis casualties

500 pers. (<0.2 mSv)

undisclosed (= 0.01 mSv)

1965-05-30 Jade casualties:

undisclosed (<1 mSv)

Data provided by the French Defense Ministry on January 2007.^[2]

Notes

1. ^French Senate report #179: The first French tests in the Sahara
2. ^Defense.gouv.fr {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925235810/http://www.defense.gouv.fr/content/download/60823/571529/file/SAHARA.pdf |date=2007-09-25 }}

3 : French nuclear weapons testing|1961 in France|1961 in Algeria

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Specifics

Programme

Known incidents

See also

Notes