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词条 Nuclear powered cruisers of the United States Navy
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  1. See also

  2. References

  3. External links

The United States Navy at one time had nuclear powered cruisers as part of its fleet. The first such ship was USS Long Beach (CGN-9). Commissioned in late summer 1961, she was the world's first nuclear powered surface combatant.[1] She was followed a year later by USS Bainbridge (DLGN-25). While Long Beach was a 'true cruiser', meaning she was designed and built as a cruiser,[2] Bainbridge began life as a frigate, though at that time the Navy was using the hull code "DLGN" for "destroyer leader, guided missile, nuclear".[3] This was prior to the enactment of the 1975 ship reclassification plan, in which frigates (DLG/DLGN), (which were essentially large destroyers), were reclassified as cruisers, so that the US Navy's numbers would compete with those of the Soviet Navy.[4] Long Beach, the largest of all the nuclear cruisers, was equipped with a C1W cruiser reactor, while all the others were equipped with D2G destroyer reactors.

In the summer of 1964, Long Beach and Bainbridge would meet up with USS Enterprise (CVAN-65), the Navy's first nuclear powered aircraft carrier,[5] to form Task Force One, an all-nuclear powered naval unit. They would commence Operation Sea Orbit, in which they circumnavigated the globe, without refuelling. It was a remarkable achievement for its time, a naval group capable of sailing over {{convert|48,000|km|nmi mi |sp=us}} in just 65 days, without replenishment.[6]

In the spring of 1967 came the Navy's third nuclear powered cruiser, (though initially labeled a frigate), USS Truxtun (DLGN-35), a heavily modified design based on the {{sclass-|Belknap|cruiser|0}} cruiser. Truxtun would be followed by the 2-ship {{sclass-|California|cruiser|4}}, beginning with {{USS|California|CGN-36}} in February 1974 and {{USS|South Carolina|CGN-37}} in January 1975. The US Navy was the only fleet in the world with nuclear powered cruisers, until 1974 when the USSR would begin construction on their own nuclear battlecruiser, the {{sclass-|Kirov|battlecruiser|4}}. The Soviets would build 4 in total, between 1974 and 1998.[7]

The last nuclear powered cruisers the Americans would produce would be the 4-ship {{sclass-|Virginia|cruiser|4}}. {{USS|Virginia|CGN-38}} was commissioned in 1976, followed by {{USS|Texas|CGN-39}} in 1977, {{USS|Mississippi|CGN-40}} in 1978 and finally {{USS|Arkansas|CGN-41}} in 1980. Ultimately, all these ships would prove to be too costly to maintain[8] and they would all be retired between 1993 and 1999. A fifth Virginia-class vessel was initially planned but then cancelled.[9]

The US Navy currently has the largest fleet of nuclear powered aircraft carriers[10] and nuclear powered submarines.[11]

List of United States Navy nuclear powered cruisers
Ship NameHull NumberClassLengthDisplacementCommissionedDecommissionedService LifeNotes
Long Beach|CGN-9|6}}CGN-9Long Beach|cruiser|5}}721|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on}}15,540 tonsformat=dmy|1961|09|09}}format=dmy|1995|05|01}}1961|09|09|1995|05|02}}id=CGN9}}]
Bainbridge|CGN-25|6}}CGN-25Bainbridge|cruiser|5}}565|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on}}9,100 tonsformat=dmy|1962|10|06}}format=dmy|1996|07|13}}1962|10|06|1996|07|13}}id=CGN25}}]
Truxtun|CGN-35|6}}CGN-35Truxtun|cruiser|5}}564|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on}}8,659 tonsformat=dmy|1967|05|27}}format=dmy|1995|09|11}}1967|05|27|1995|09|11}}id=CGN35}}]
California|CGN-36|6}}CGN-36California|cruiser|5}}587|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on}}10,800 tonsformat=dmy|1974|02|16}}format=dmy|1999|07|09}}1974|02|16|1999|07|09}}id=CGN36}}]
South Carolina|CGN-37|6}}CGN-37California|cruiser|5}}587|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on}}10,800 tonsformat=dmy|1975|01|25}}format=dmy|1999|07|30}}1975|01|25|1999|07|30}}id=CGN37}}]
Virginia|CGN-38|6}}CGN-38Virginia|cruiser|5}}586|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on}}11,666 tonsformat=dmy|1976|09|11}}format=dmy|1994|11|10}}1976|09|11|1994|11|10}}id=CGN38}}]
Texas|CGN-39|6}}CGN-39Virginia|cruiser|5}}586|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on}}11,666 tonsformat=dmy|1977|09|10}}format=dmy|1993|07|16}}1977|09|10|1993|07|16}}id=CGN39}}]
Mississippi|CGN-40|6}}CGN-40Virginia|cruiser|5}}586|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on}}11,666 tonsformat=dmy|1978|08|05}}format=dmy|1997|07|28}}1978|08|05|1997|07|28}}id=CGN40}}]
Arkansas|CGN-41|6}}CGN-41Virginia|cruiser|5}}586|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on}}11,666 tonsformat=dmy|1980|10|18}}format=dmy|1998|07|07}}1980|10|18|1998|07|07}}id=CGN41}}]

See also

{{Portal|Military of the United States|United States Navy|Nuclear technology}}{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
  • List of United States Navy ships
  • Nuclear propulsion
  • Nuclear navy
  • Cold war
  • Supercarrier
  • Nuclear submarine
  • {{USS|Nautilus|SSN-571}} (World's first nuclear powered submarine)
  • {{USS|Enterprise|CVN-65}} (World's first nuclear powered aircraft carrier)
{{div col end}}

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://navysite.de/cg/cgn9.htm|title=USS Long Beach (CGN 9)|publisher=}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/cgn-9.htm|title=CGN-9 Long Beach|author=John Pike|publisher=}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/cgn-25.htm|title=CGN 25 BAINBRIDGE class|author=John Pike|publisher=}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hazegray.org/faq/smn6.htm|title=sci.military.naval FAQ, Part F - Surface Combatants|publisher=}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.public.navy.mil/airfor/enterprise/Documents/Enterprise/the_legend.html|title=USS Enterprise (CVN 65) Official Web Site|publisher=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301095522/http://www.public.navy.mil/airfor/enterprise/Documents/Enterprise/the_legend.html|archivedate=2013-03-01|df=}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.navyhistory.org/2014/05/operation-sea-orbit-celebration-a-legacy-like-no-other/|title=Operation Sea Orbit Celebration: A Legacy Like No Other - Naval Historical Foundation|publisher=}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/1144.htm|title=Kirov Class - Project 1144.2|author=John Pike|publisher=}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/nuclear-power-for-surface-combatants/2/|title=Nuclear power for surface combatants|date= |accessdate= }}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/cgn-42.htm|title=CGN-42 AEGIS Modified Virginia|author=John Pike|publisher=}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/military/navy-ships/g2412/a-global-roundup-of-aircraft-carriers/|title=Here Is Every Aircraft Carrier in the World|author=Kyle Mizokami|date=25 January 2016|work=Popular Mechanics}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kiwireport.com/global/the-9-largest-submarine-fleets-in-the-world/|title=The 9 Largest Submarine Fleets in the World|author=News Editor|date=15 January 2016|publisher=}}

External links

{{Commons category|United States Navy}}
  • {{cite web|url=http://www.navy.mil/|title=The Official Website of the United States Navy}}
  • {{cite web|url=http://www.usni.org/|title=U.S. Naval Institute}}
{{US Navy navbox|state=collapsed}}

2 : United States Navy|Nuclear ships of the United States Navy
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