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Numidia (Roman province)

释义

History
Major cities
Episcopal sees
Bibliography
References

{{about|the Roman province|the ancient kingdom|Numidia|the Pennsylvanian CDP|Numidia, Pennsylvania}}

Numidia was a Roman province on the North African coast, comprising roughly the territory of northeast Algeria.

History

Eastern Numidia was annexed in 46 BC to create a new Roman province, Africa Nova. Western Numidia was also annexed after the death of its last king, Arabio, in 40 BC, and the two provinces were united with Tripolitana by Emperor Augustus, to create Africa Proconsularis. In AD 40, the western portion of Africa Proconsularis, including its legionary garrison, was placed under an imperial legatus, and in effect became a separate province of Numidia, though the legatus of Numidia remained nominally subordinate to the proconsul of Africa until AD 203.^[1]

From the second century, the province was christianized, but quickly adhered to the donatist heresy while knowing men of faith as illustrious as Saint Augustine, bishop of Hippo Regius (present Annaba).

After 193, under Septimius Severus, Numidia was officially detached from the province of Africa and constituted a province in its own right, governed by an imperial legate. Under Diocletian, it constituted a simple province in the tetrarchic reorganization, then was briefly divided in two: Numidia militana and Numidia cirtensis.

In 428, the Vandals began their incursions in the African provinces. They eventually managed to create the Vandal Kingdom that lasted between 432 and 534, the year in which the African provinces passed under the authority of the Byzantine and formed the Exarchate of Africa.

Between 696 and 708, the region was conquered by the Muslim armies and became part of Ifriqiya.^[2]

Major cities

Numidia as the other African provinces became highly Romanized and was studded with numerous towns. The chief towns of Roman Numidia were: in the north, Cirta or modern Constantine, the capital, with its port Russicada (Modern Skikda); and Hippo Regius (near Bône), well known as the see of St. Augustine. To the south in the interior military roads led to Theveste (Tebessa) and Lambaesis (Lambessa) with extensive Roman remains, connected by military roads with Cirta and Hippo, respectively.^[3]

Lambaesis was the seat of the Legio III Augusta, and the most important strategic centre. It commanded the passes of the Aurès Mountains (Mons Aurasius), a mountain block that separated Numidia from the Gaetuli Berber tribes of the desert, and which was gradually occupied in its whole extent by the Romans under the Empire. Including these towns, there were altogether twenty that are known to have received at one time or another the title and status of Roman colonies; and in the 5th century, the Notitia Dignitatum enumerates no fewer than 123 sees whose bishops assembled at Carthage in 479.

Episcopal sees

Ancient episcopal sees of Numidia listed in the Annuario Pontificio as titular sees:^[4]

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|

Alba (in the region of Qarentina)
Ampora
Aquae (Henchir-El-Hammam)
Aquae Novae
Aquae Thibilitanae (Hammam-Meskhoutine)
Arae
Arsacal (Goulia)
Augurus (ruins of Sidi-Tahar and Sidi-Embarec?)
Ausuccura (Ascours?)
Azura
Babra (ruins in the territory of Babar)
Badiae (Badès)
Bagai (Ksar-Bagaï)
Baia (Henchir Settara? Henchir-El-Hammam?)
Bamaccora
Barica
Belesasa
Betagbara
Bocconia
Buffada
Burca
Caesarea (Youks-les-Bains, Henchir-El-Hammam)
Caesariana (ruins of Kessaria)
Calama
Capsus, Numidia (Aïn-Guigba)
Casae (El Madher)
Casae Calanae
Casae Medianae (Henchir-El-Taouil?)
Casae Nigrae (near Negrine)
Castellum (Henchir-Gastal)
Castellum Titulianum
Castra Galbae (Ksar-Galaba?)
Cataquas (near Annaba)
Cediae (Oum-Kif)
Celerina (Guebeur-Bou-Aoun)
Cemerianus
Centenaria (Henchir-El-Harmel? Henchir-Cheddi?)
Centuria (ruins of Aïn-Hadjar-Allah? Fedj-Deriasse?)
Centuriones (ruins of El-Kentour)
Ceramussa (Gueramoussa?)
Chullu (Collo)
Coeliana (Ain Tine)
Cuicul (Djémila)
Diana (Aïn Zana)
Dusa
Fata
Fesseë
Forma (ruins of Kherbet-Fraim?)
Fussala
Gadiaufala (Ksar Sbehi)
Garba (ruins of Aïn-Garb)
Gaudiaba
Gauriana (Henchir-Gouraï?)
Gemellae
Germania (ruins of Ksar-El-Kelb?)
Gibba (Henchir-Dibba)
Gilba
Giru Marcelli
Girus (in the region of Djemila?)
Girus Tarasii
Guzabeta (ruins at Henchir-Zerdan?)
Hospita
Idassa (has namesakes) (near Merkeb-Talha)
Idicra (Aïn-Aziz-Bin-Tellis)
Iucundiana
Iziriana
Irzidzada
Lambaesis (in the territory of Batna)
Lambiridi (Kherbet-Ouled-Arif)
Lamiggiga (Seriana)
Lamphua (Aïn-Foua)
Lamsorti (Henchir-Mâfouna)
Lamzella (Henchir-Resdis)
Leges (in the territory of Mila or Annaba)
Legia
Legis Volumni
Liberalia (oasis of Lioua?)
Limata (in the territory of Mila)
Lugura (Aïn-Laoura?)
Macomades (Merkeb-Talha)
Macomades Rusticiana (Canrobert, Oum-El-Bouaghi?)
Madaurus
Mades
Magarmel (Aïn-Moughmel?)
Mascula (Khenchela)
Mathara
Maximiana (ruins of Mexmeia?)
Mazaca
Merouana (Lamasba)
Mesarfelta
Meta
Midila (Mdila?)
Milevum
Mons (near Mdila)
Moxori
Mulia (ruins of El-Milia?)
Municipa
Musti
Mutugenna (ruins of Aïn-Tebla?)
Naratcata
Nasai (Aïn Zoul?)
Nebbi (in the territory of Tobma)
Nicives (N'Gaous)
Nigizubi
Nigrae Maiores (Besseriani)
Nova Barbara (ruins of Beni-Barbar?, Henchir-Barbar?)
Nova Caesaris
Nova Germania (near Khamissa)
Nova Petra (ruins of Encedda?)
Nova Sinna
Nova Soarsa
Octava
Pauzera
Pudentiana
Regiana (Henchir-Tacoucht?)
Respecta
Ressiana (in the territory of Mila)
Rotaria (Henchir-Loulou, Renier?)
Rusicade (Skikda)
Rusticiana
Seleuciana
Sigus
Sila (Bordj-El-Ksar)
Silli
Sinitis (near Annaba)
Sistroniana
Sitifis (Setif)
Suava
Summa (ruins of Zemma?)
Tabuda (Thouda)
Tacarata (in the territory of Mila or in that of Annaba)
Tarasa (Henchir-Tarsa?)
Teglata
Thagaste
Thagora
Thamugadi
Theveste
Thiava (near Annaba or Souk-Ahras)
Thibaris
Thibilis (Announa)
Thinisa
Thubunae (?Tubunae)
Thubursicum (Khemissa)
Thucca in Numidia (Henchir-El-Abiodh)
Tiddi
Tigillava (Mechta-Djillaoua)
Tigisis (Aïn el-Bordj)
Tipasa
Tisedi (near Aziz-Ben-Tellis)
Tituli (ruins of Aïn-Nemeur? ruins of Aïn-Merdja?)
Tullia (near Annaba)
Turres (in the territory of Annaba)
Turres Ammeniae
Turres Concordiae
Tubusuptu (Tiklat)
Turris Rotunda
Ubaza (Terrebaza)
Vaga (modern day Béja)
Vadesi
Vagada (ruins of El-Aria?)
Vageata
Vagrauta
Vatarba
Vegesela (ruins of Ksar-Bou-Saïd? of Ksar-El-Kelb? Henchir-El-Abiodh?)
Velefi (ruins of Fedj-Es-Soyoud?)
Verrona (Henchir-El-Hatba)
Vescera (Biskra)
Vicus Caesaris
Vicus Pacati (Aïn-Mechara?)
Villa Regis (near Tobna)
Zaba (ruins of Tolga in the territory of Zab?)
Zaraï
Zattara (Bouchegouf District)
Zerta (near Merkeb-Talha)

}}

Bibliography

Filippo Coarelli and Yvon Thébert, "Architecture funéraire et pouvoir : réflexions sur l'hellénisme numide", Mélanges de l'École française de Rome. Antiquité, Année 1988, 2, {{p.|761-818}}
Nacéra Benseddik, « Jugurtha-Cirta-Lambèse-Timgad » in Dictionnaire du Monde antique, PUF, Paris 2005.
Yann Le Bohec, L’Afrique romaine (146 avant J.-C. - 439 après J.-C.), éd. Picard, 2005 (Paris), 600 p. {{ISBN|2-7084-0751-1}}
François Décret and Mhamed Fantar, L’Afrique du Nord dans l’Antiquité. Histoire et civilisation - des Origines au Ve siècle, Paris, 1981.
{{cite journal |title= Propriétés impériales et cités en Numidie Méridionale |work= Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz|number= 3 | year=1992 |pages= 123–139|url = http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/ccgg_1016-9008_1992_num_3_1_1351}}.

References

1. ^{{cite book|author1=J. D. Fage|author2=Roland Anthony Oliver|title=The Cambridge History of Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZTNTz3POoZUC&pg=PA199|year=1975|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3|page=199}}
2. ^{{fr}} Article « Ifriqiya » (Larousse.fr).
3. ^Detailed map of Roman Numidia
4. ^Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, {{ISBN|978-88-209-9070-1}}), "Sedi titolari", pp. 819–1013

2 : Numidia (Roman provinces)|Provinces of the Roman Empire

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