| 词条 | Oatlands railway station |
| 释义 |
|name = Oatlands |image_name= |caption = |locale = Near Pica, Cumbria |borough = Copeland | original = Cleator and Workington Junction Railway | pregroup = Cleator and Workington Junction Railway | postgroup = London Midland and Scottish Railway |platforms = 1{{sfn|McGowan Gradon|2004|p=63}}{{sfn|Robinson|2002|p=8}} |coordinates = {{coord|54.5790|-3.5098|type:railwaystation_region:GB|display=inline,title}} |gridref = NY025214 |years = 3 July 1883 |events = Opened for daily services |years1 = December 1883 |events1 = Closed |years2 = September 1888 |events2 = Opened for passengers on Saturdays only |years3 = July 1892 |events3 = Closed |years4 = November 1909 |events4 = Opened for passengers on Saturdays only |years5 = September 1922 |events5 = Closed for passengers{{sfn|McGowan Gradon|2004|p=68}}{{sfn|Butt|1995|p=176}} |years6 = 1 January 1927 |events6 = Closed for workmen's services{{sfn|Croughton|Kidner|Young|1982|p=40}} |years7 = 8 August 1938 |events7 = Line and station closed completely }}{{Cleator & Workington Junction Railway RDT|collapse=yes}}{{Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railway RDT|collapse=yes}} Oatlands railway station served the village of Pica and Oatlands Colliery in the former English county of Cumberland, now part of Cumbria. LocationThe station was the only intermediate station on the Cleator and Workington Junction Railway's (C&WJR) otherwise mineral branch which left the company's {{rws|Workington Central}} to {{rws|Cleator Moor West}} main line at Rowrah Branch Junction{{sfn|McGowan Gradon|2004|p=19}} south of Distington.{{sfn|Smith|Turner|2012|loc=Map 26}}{{sfn|Jowett|2000|loc=Map 36}} The other station was {{rws|Arlecdon}} at the branch's southern end. The {{convert|6|mi|41|ch|km}}, single track branch opened for mineral traffic on 1 May 1882 and was known locally as "Baird's Line" and officially as the Rowrah Branch. The branch's main purpose was to access the limestone quarries at Rowrah and the iron mines served by the Rowrah and Kelton Fell Railway, (RKFR) which the branch joined {{convert|30|ch|km}} beyond Arlecdon at Rowrah Junction.{{sfn|McGowan Gradon|2004|p=22}} The branch's second purpose was to carry coal from Oatlands Colliery which was next to the station. General goods came a distant third, workmen fourth and conventional passengers a remote last. The branch was six and a three quarter miles long, but its point to point length was a mere four and a half miles, the difference being due to the extremely sinuous course it had to take to keep the ruling gradient to a "mere" 1 in 44.{{sfn|McGowan Gradon|2004|pp=6 & 64}}{{sfn|Anderson|2002|pp=309-310}} The gradients largely favoured loaded trains, but they still had to cope with half a mile uphill through Arlecdon and a mile and a half uphill from Brownriggs Gill to Whillimoor Top. HistoryThe C&WJR was one of the fruits of the rapid industrialisation of West Cumberland in the second half of the nineteenth century, specifically being born as a reaction to oligopolistic behaviour by the London and North Western and Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railways.{{sfn|Anderson|2002|p=309}} All lines in the area were primarily aimed at mineral traffic, notably iron ore, coal and limestone, none more so than those built by the C&WJR, which earned the local name "The Track of the Ironmasters". General goods and passenger services were provided, but were very small beer compared with mineral traffic.{{sfn|Anderson|2002|p=313}} The founding Act of Parliament of June 1878 confirmed the company's agreement with the Furness Railway that the latter would operate the line for one third of the receipts.{{sfn|Marshall|1981|p=117}} ServicesPassenger services to Oatlands were a stuttering affair. An attempt to provide a regular Mondays to Saturdays service lasted a mere five months in 1883. In 1888 a Saturdays only out and back service to {{rws|Workington Central}} calling at {{rws|Distington}} and {{rws|High Harrington}} was tried, but abandoned in 1892. Another Saturdays only attempt was made in 1909, starting at {{rws|Arlecdon}}. It was cut back to start at Oatlands from the end of 1916 and soldiered on on this basis until 1922 when it was withdrawn, never to resume. Given the sparse population of Oatlands, Arlecdon and surrounds to this day the venture had little chance of success. Unadvertised workmen's trains fared rather better, as here the sparse population worked in the railway's favour, with significant points of employment with similar start and end shift patterns at Rowrah and Oatlands, Records do not yet show when such services started, but they outlived the public passenger services by five years, ending for good on 1 January 1927. The line's 1920 Working Time Table shows two early morning trains from Oatlands to Arlecdon which turned straight round and went back again, with a similar procedure at the early afternoon shift change.{{sfn|Haynes|1920|pp=8-13}} In January 1898 the company agreed with the Postmaster General to carry a mail bag daily between Workington and Siddick and between Workington and Distington.{{sfn|McGowan Gradon|2004|p=59}} It is likely that this was conveyed on passenger trains. At some point thereafter the service was extended to Rowrah. The "Mail Train" beyond Distington to Oatlands and Arlecdon usually consisted of a C&WJR 0-6-0ST and a guards van.{{sfn|Jackson|Sisson|Haywood|August 1982|p=3}} Mineral traffic was an altogether different matter, dwarfing all other traffic in volume, receipts and profits. The key source summarises it "...the 'Track of the Ironmasters' ran like a main traffic artery through an area honeycombed with mines, quarries and ironworks."{{sfn|McGowan Gradon|2004|p=41}} The associated drama was all the greater because all the company's lines abounded with steep inclines{{sfn|McGowan Gradon|2004|loc=p.64, Gradient Diagrams}} and sharp curves,{{sfn|McGowan Gradon|2004|p=25}} frequently requiring banking. The saving grace was that south of Workington at least, most gradients favoured loaded trains. During the First World War especially, the company ran "Double Trains", akin to North American practice, with two mineral trains coupled together and a banking engine behind, i.e. locomotive-wagons-guards van-locomotive-wagons-guards van-banker. Such trains worked regularly between {{rws|Distington}} and {{rws|Cleator Moor West}}.{{sfn|McGowan Gradon|2004|loc=Front cover & pp.42-3}} The practice was discontinued after dark from 1 April 1918.{{sfn|Haynes|1920|p=5}} Like any business tied to one or few industries, the railway was at the mercy of trade fluctuations and technological change. The Cumberland iron industry led the charge in the nineteenth century, but became less and less competitive as time passed and local ore became worked out and harder to win, taking the fortunes of the railway with it. The peak year was 1909, when 1,644,514 tons of freight were handled.{{sfn|McGowan Gradon|2004|p=50}} Ominously for the line, that tonnage was down to just over 800,000 by 1922, bringing receipts of £83,349, compared with passenger fares totalling £6,570.{{sfn|Suggitt|2008|p=65}} Rundown and closureThe peak year for tonnage on C&WJR lines was 1909, and for progress was 1913, with the opening of the Harrington and Lowca line for passenger traffic. A chronology of the line's affairs from 1876 to 1992 has almost no entries before 1914 which fail to include "opened" or "commenced". After 1918 the position was reversed, when the litany of step-by-step closures and withdrawals was relieved only by a control cabin and a signalbox being erected in 1919 and the Admiralty saving the northern extension in 1937 by establishing an armaments depot at Broughton.{{sfn|McGowan Gradon|2004|pp=58-59}} Bairds Line was hit from three directions:
The branch closed on 8 August 1938, along with Arlecdon and Oatlands stations which, like thousands of unsung stations right up to Beeching, were still providing a local goods service. Half a mile of Baird's Line was left in place at Arlecdon to act as a "backshunt" for the trains accessing the quarries. this remained in use until 1978 and was lifted in 1980 along with all other lines serving Rowrah.{{sfn|Atterbury|2009|p=208}}{{sfn|Suggitt|2008|p=73}} The station was subsequently demolished.{{sfn|Marsh|Garbutt|2002|p=149}} AfterlifeBy 2013 the line of route north of Pica and south of Oatlands station was easy to see on satellite imagery, its course through the station site was much fainter. No station buildings appeared to remain. {{Disused rail start}}{{Rail line|previous={{rws|Distington}} Line and station closed |next={{rws|Arlecdon}} Line and station closed |route=Cleator and Workington Junction Railway "Baird's Line" |col={{LMS colour}} }}{{s-end}} See also{{Portal|Cumbria}}
ReferencesSources
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External links
5 : Former Cleator and Workington Junction Railway stations|Disused railway stations in Cumbria|Railway stations opened in 1883|Railway stations closed in 1922|1883 establishments in England |
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