| 词条 | Obolon, Kiev | ||||
| 释义 |
|official_name = Obolon |native_name = Оболонь |settlement_type = Neighborhood of Kiev |image_skyline = |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = |image_flag = |image_shield = |nickname = |motto = |image_map = |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Obolon within the Kiev city area. |subdivision_type = Country City council Municipality |subdivision_name = {{UKR}} {{flag|Kiev}} Obolon Raion |established_title = First mentioned |established_date = 1096[1] |established_title1 = |established_date1 = |leader_title = |leader_name = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |population_as_of = |population_note = |population_total = |population_footnotes= |population_metro = |population_density_km2 = |pushpin_map =Ukraine Kiev |pushpin_label_position = top |pushpin_map_caption = |pushpin_mapsize = |coordinates = {{coord|50|30|20|N|30|29|57|E|region:UA|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = ||postal_code_type=Postal code| postal_code = 04504, 04205, 04209, 04210, 04211, 04212, 04213, 04214 |area_code = +380 44 |blank_info = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = |timezone=EET |utc_offset=+2 |timezone_DST=EEST |utc_offset_DST=+3 }} Obolon (Obolon', {{IPA-uk|obɔˈlonʲ}}, {{lang-uk|Оболонь}}) is a historical locality which includes a residential area (masyv), along with an industrial park within the Ukraine's capital Kiev that is located on its northern side, in an eponymous city district - the Obolonskyi District (until 2001 – Minskyi District). In Ukrainian language the word Obolon (Оболонь) means a low country near a river[2] (floodplain) or flood-meadows ({{lang-uk|заплавні луки}}.[3][4]). As Obolon's land regularly used to flood by the Dnieper river there were Kiev city's pasture and haymakings. GeographyThe suburb is located in the South of the Polesian Lowland, in the northern a part of Kiev city's area. The Dnieper, its bays, small rivers, ponds and lakes around Obolon were used as sources of sand for the height elevation for the further building construction, using the hydraulic fill technology.[5] Thus the Obolon landscape was significantly changed by people. Obolon is isolated from other parts Kiev city by the Dnieper river with its bays and a group of lakes. It borders the {{ILL|Opechen|uk|Озера Опечень}} lakes system in the west, which was supposedly created on the place where the legendary {{ILL|Pochaina River|uk|Почайна}} used to be. In 2016 some historians revealed that the river continues to exist and is located in the vicinity of mentioned system of lakes.[6] The east boundary of the suburb is the Dnieper with its bays: the Sobache hyrlo (Dog's river mouth) and the Obolon bay (the former names the Starytsa, that can be translated as a former riverbed, or the Bratsky Staryk). There are Redkyne Lake (Ministerka) and the Verbliud (Camel) bay in the north of Obolon, which was created by the size expansion of Lukove Lake (Ulukovo) when soil from it was being taken. {{ILL|Verbne Lake|uk|Вербне озеро}}[7] (Willow) and the Vovkuvata bay are in the south of the suburb.[8] The closest suburbs to Obolon are Redkyn Khutir, {{ILL|Minsky Masyv|uk|Мінський масив}}, {{ILL|Priorka|uk|Пріорка}}, Petrivka belonging to the Obolon Raion too and Kurenivka, Rybalsky Ostriv belonging to the Podil Raion of Kiev. By roads, the suburb is located:
There is {{ILL|Road P69 (Ukraine)|uk|Автошлях Р 69}} ({{Road marker simple|Road P69 (Ukraine)|P69|white|black|black}}, Kiev - Vyshhorod - Desna - Chernihiv) going through the western part of the suburb. Historical map studiesThe Ukrainian historian {{ILL|Mykola Zakrevsky|uk|Закревський Микола Васильович}} drew a series of Kiev historical maps, since the Princess Olga time, the 20th century up to the 19th century. On all maps map Obolon begins once city's rampart near Podil on the right bank of the {{ILL|Pochaina River|uk|Почайна}}, next to the present Taras Shevchenko metro station.[9] On the Kiev map of 1902 year created by city's land surveyor Tairov, Obolon is depicted on the left bank of the Pochaina River mouth, where modern Rybalsky Ostriv suburb is. There were city's pasture and haymakings marked on the place of the present-day Obolon suburb. All these terrains belonged to Kiev's administrative division by then - the Plosky Uchastok (Плоскій Участокъ, the Flat Area).[10] HistoryEarly timeAround the chronicles {{ILL|Pochaina River|uk|Почайна}}, nowadays it is the {{ILL|Opechen|uk|Озера Опечень}} lakes system, were found the Mesolithic and Zarubintsy culture archaeological sites.[11] Remains of settlements the 1th BC - 2nd AD centuries and the 6th - 7th centuries were found in Obolon.[12] The first who drew special attention to Obolon was the Ukrainian historian Volodymyr Antonovych, who got 200 bronze Roman coins there in 1876, which were dated the second half of 3rd - the first half of 4th centuries. Then he suggested that there was a settlement in Obolon, whose inhabitants conducted exchange with antiquity cities of the Northern Black Sea. Further Obolon was explored in particular by Turvont Kybalchych,[13] Mykola Biliashivsky, {{ILL|Oleksandr Ertel|uk|Ертель Олександр Дмитрович}}, A. A. Piantkovsky, {{ILL|Valeria Kozlovska|uk|Козловська Валерія Євгенівна}} and {{ILL|Petro Kurinny|uk|Курінний Петро Петровича}}.[14] Before the Kievan Rus epoch it was a territory of Eastern Polans.[15] The Veles worship place was there at the pagan times. At the time of Kievan Rus and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania the land belonged to the Principality of Kiev. Obolon often became a place of battles with nomads and during princely feuds. After the Union of Lublin this territory was a part of the Kiev Voivodeship of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the time of the Cossack Hetmanate, Obolon belonged to the {{Interlanguage link multi|Kiev Regiment|uk|3=Київський полк}}. Obolon's pasture and haymakings were often an object of arguments between Cossacks, the city magistrate, monasteries and the garrison of Tsardom of Muscovy in Kiev.[16] During the Russo-Turkish Wars, palisades were being built there. In 1911 the Kurenivka civil aerodrome was opened on Obolon fields. Soviet eraAs a result of the Ukrainian–Soviet War (1917–1921) and the Polish–Soviet War (1919–1921) Kiev City and its suburbs was finally captured by the Red Army. In 1967 the development plan of Kiev was approved, according to which residential areas would be constructed on wetlands on both sides of the Dnieper. Thus, using the hydraulic fill technology, а sand layer 4–5 metres in height was created above Obolon flood-meadows. In 1972 - 1980 the biggest housing estate of tower blocks in Kiev was erected in Obolon.[17] In 1975 a new administrative unit - Minsky Raion was formed. It included the Obolon housing estate. Since the Kiev administrative subdivision reform in 2001 Obolon suburb has belonged to the eponymous Obolon Raion, which was created on the Minsky Raion basis.[18] In 1972 - 1980 there is the biggest Kiev's housing estate of 9 and 16 storey tower blocks erected in Obolon. The estate architects were {{ILL|Grygory Slutsky|uk|Слуцький Григорій Маркович}}, {{ILL|Yurii Paskevych|uk|Паскевич Юрій Аврамович}}, {{ILL|Leonid Filenko|uk|Філенко Леонід Іванович}}, M. I. Kulchynsky, Z. G. Klebnikova and I. G. Verymovska. It is locally famous for its honeycomb-like neighborhood planned development with high-rising multi-story apartment complexes (see Public housing). In 1980 in Obolon was officially opened the Obolon beer brewing company commemorated to the 1980 Summer Olympics. Present constructionSince 1992 the modern housing estate Obolon Lypki was being built between the Dnieper River and {{ILL|Prospect Heroyiv Stalingradu|uk|Проспект Героїв Сталінграда (Київ)}}, that includes tower blocks and mansions. It is called on the analogy of the prestigious neighbourhood Lypky in the Pechersk Raion. GalleryExternal links
References1. ^"Kiev, Encyclopaedic reference book". Kiev. 1981 {{Obolonskyi District}}{{Subdivisions of Kiev}}{{lang-uk|«Київ. Енциклопедичний довідник» УРЕ, Київ-1981}} 2. ^Ukrainian-English translation for "Оболонь" // English-Ukrainian dictionary, © 2009, "Perun" publishing house // ABBYY Lingvo-Online {{lang-uk|Українсько-англійський переклад «Оболонь» - ABBYY Lingvo-Online, Англо-український словник під загальною редакцією В'ячеслава Бусела, © 2009, ВТФ "Перун", 250 тис. слів і словосполучень.}} 3. ^Meaning and Interpretation "Obolon" // {{ILL|Great Dictionary of Modern Ukrainian Language|uk|Великий тлумачний словник сучасної української мови}}, © 2005 "Perun" publishing house // ABBYY Lingvo-Online {{lang-uk|Значення та тлумачення «Оболонь» - ABBYY Lingvo-Online, Великий тлумачний словник сучасної української мови.© Видавництво "Перун", © 2005. 250 тис. слів та словосполучень.}} 4. ^OBOLON // {{ILL|Academic Dictionary of the Ukrainian language|uk|Академічний тлумачний словник української мови}} {{lang-uk|ОБОЛОНЬ – Академічний тлумачний словник української мови}} 5. ^The sand alluvium in Obolon, 1970. // Interesting Obolon {{lang-ru|Намыв песка на Оболони, 1970-е годы. // Интересная Оболонь}} 6. ^Spivak, T. The newly acquired Pochaina. Lb.ua. 19 May 2016 7. ^Verbne Lake // Interesting Obolon {{lang-ru|Озеро Вербное // Интересная Оболонь}} 8. ^Obolon in 1850 - 1917 // Kiev's islands and coastal terrains on the Dnieper - the view through the ages I. Y. Parnikoza {{lang-uk|Оболонь в 1850 – 1917 р. // Київські острови та прибережні урочища на Дніпрі – погляд крізь віки // Парнікоза І.Ю.}} 9. ^The historical maps of Kiev {{lang-ua|Історичні карти Києва}} 10. ^The map of Kiev, 1902 {{lang-ru|Планъ города Кіева, 1902 года}} 11. ^At the time of ancient cultures (10th - 1st millenniums BC) // Kiev's islands and coastal terrains on the Dnieper - the view through the ages I. Y. Parnikoza {{lang-uk|В часи прадавніх культур (10-1 тис. до н.е.) // Київські острови та прибережні урочища на Дніпрі – погляд крізь віки // Парнікоза І.Ю.}} 12. ^{{ILL|Kiev, The short toponym guide|uk|Київ (топонімічний довідник)}}, {{ISBN|966-686-050-3}} {{lang-uk|Київ. Короткий топонімічний довідник}} 13. ^Turvont Kybalchych // Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine {{lang-uk|Кибальчич Турвонт Венедиктович // Енциклопедія Сучасної України}} 14. ^The Secrets of Ancient Obolon // {{ILL|Hanna Shovkoplias|uk|Шовкопляс Ганна Михайлівна}} {{lang-uk|Шовкопляс Г.М. // Таємниці Давньої Оболоні}} 15. ^The origin, distribution and social order of the Slavs in VI - IX centuries. - History of Ukraine // Online study materials {{lang-uk|Походження, розселення та устрій слов'ян у VI - IX ст. - Історія України - Навчальні матеріали онлайн}} 16. ^R. Delimarsky // Magdeburg Law in Kiev {{lang-uk|Розділ VI. Делімарський Р. Маґдебургзьке право у Києві}} 17. ^Svitlana Arkhypova // Dynamics of expanding of the city. Kiev boundaries in the XX century.: Historical-geographical aspect. // UDK 911.375.67/477-25»19» // NASU Institute of History of Ukraine {{lang-uk|Світлана Архипова // Динаміка розширення меж м. Києва в XX ст.: Історико-географічний аспект.}} 18. ^The history of Obolon // The centralised library system of the Obolon Raion {{lang-uk|Історія Оболоні // Централізована біліотечна система Оболонського району}} 2 : Neighborhoods in Kiev|Obolonskyi District |
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