“Agnes Boulton”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Agnes Boulton (September 19, 1893 – November 25, 1968) was a British-born American pulp magazine writer in the 1910s, later the wife of Eugene O'Neill.

Life and career

Boulton was born in 1893 in London, England, the daughter of Cecil Maud (Williams) and Edward William Boulton, an artist.^[1]^[2]^[3]

She grew up in Philadelphia^[4] and later in West Point Pleasant, New Jersey. She had married a Mr. Burton, who died prior to the meeting between O'Neill and Agnes Boulton; they had a daughter, Barbara.^[4]

Boulton met O'Neill in the fall of 1917 in the Golden Swan Saloon, better known as The Hell Hole, in Greenwich Village.^[5] They married some six months later, on April 12, 1918, at Provincetown, Massachusetts.^[6]

O'Neill, at the time, was considered a promising author of one-act plays. During the first year of their marriage, he wrote Beyond the Horizon, his first full-length, Broadway play, which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1920.^[7] During the early years of the marriage, Boulton modified her writing and had two stories published by The Smart Set, an important magazine co-edited by H. L. Mencken and George Jean Nathan.

She gave birth to Shane O'Neill in 1919 and Oona O'Neill in 1925.^[8] The marriage came to an end when O'Neill left Boulton for the actress Carlotta Monterey in 1928, and they divorced in 1929.^[9] The Boulton/O'Neill marriage has been studied and written about by William Davies King, professor of theater at UC Santa Barbara, in "Another Part of a Long Story: Literary Traces of Eugene O'Neill and Agnes Boulton" (Michigan 2010).^[9]

Her daughter, Oona O'Neill, married Charlie Chaplin in 1943 at the age of 18 (he was 54), and moved to Switzerland with him nine years later, renouncing her American citizenship.

Boulton published a novel, The Road Is Before Us, in 1944, and a memoir of the first two years of her marriage to O'Neill in 1958, entitled Part of a Long Story.^[10] The memoir gives a portrayal of an odd literary marriage at its inception. A new and annotated version of that book was published by McFarland in 2011. A selection of her stories can be found on eOneill.com.

Contrary to the terms of the 1929 divorce settlement, Boulton had saved most of her letters to and from O'Neill, as well as some O'Neill manuscripts, including "Exorcism," a one-act play by O'Neill, which was thought to have been destroyed but had been given by Boulton to a friend, screenwriter-producer Philip Yordan. It was published in the October 17, 2011, issue of The New Yorker.

The O'Neill/Boulton correspondence was published in 2000 by Fairleigh Dickinson University Press in a volume called A Wind Is Rising.^[11] For a full biographical study of Boulton, see William Davies King, "Another Part of a Long Story: Literary Traces of Eugene O'Neill and Agnes Boulton" (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=GOX9oS2s98IC&pg=PA240&lpg=PA240&dq=%22william+davies+king%22+another+part+of+a+long&source=bl&ots=9uOLT7EUGw&sig=hNkBhW3mUGr79S6L_l71IQeBUvE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiy-oyJhsHMAhVCKWMKHVqTDzM4ChDoAQgnMAM#v=onepage&q=%22william%20davies%20king%22%20another%20part%20of%20a%20long&f=false].

References

1. ^"Boulton, Agnes (1893–1968)". encyclopedia.com, accessed February 18, 2012
2. ^{{cite web | url = http://eoneill.com/library/shadow/I.htm | title = A Formidable Shadow: The O'Neill Connection | publisher =}}
3. ^{{cite web | url = http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9780472027057 | title = Project MUSE – Another Part of a Long Story | publisher =}}
4. ^¹"Mrs. Agnes Kaufman, 7'5, Dies; Eugene O'Neill's Second Wife: Writer of Short Stories and Pulp Novels Was Mother of Oona and Shane", The New York Times, November 26, 1968, p. 53
5. ^{{cite book | title = The Critic | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MKFMAAAAYAAJ | series = 2 | volume = 17 | year = 1958 | publisher = Thomas More Association | pages = 51– | quote = In the fall of 1917, Agnes Boulton, ' then a pulp-fiction writer, first met Eugene O'Neill, a brooding young playwright, in the back room of a Greenwich Village saloon. She found herself drawn to him; he likewise was attracted to her. Both of them ...}}
6. ^¹"Agnes Boulton Collection of Eugene O'Neill" Yale University Library, accessed February 17, 2012
7. ^"Drama, See 1920". Pulitzer.org, accessed February 17, 2012
8. ^"Agnes Boulton (1893–1968)" Yale University Library, Beinecke Collection, p. 4
9. ^¹"UCSB Theater Arts Scholar Examines Life of Agnes Boulton, Wife of Playwright Eugene O'Neill-Press Release" UC Santa Barbara, September 1, 2010
10. ^King, William Davies. " 'Another Part of a Long Story', Introduction". The University of Michigan Press, 2010, accessed February 18, 2012
11. ^O'Neill, Eugene and Boulton, Agnes; King, William Davies (Ed.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=wrj8HiVsaEkC&pg=PA17&lpg=PA17&dq=Boulton+%22A+Wind+Is+Rising%22&source=bl&ots=rLLWmW5MAB&sig=2IGPmkl2dw2ozERkFdufccTgDNE&hl=en#v=onepage&q=Boulton%20%22A%20Wind%20Is%20Rising%22&f=false "A Wind Is Rising"]. A Wind Is Rising (2000), books.google.com, Associated University Presses, Inc. (Cranbury, NJ), {{ISBN|0-8386-3808-2}}
12. ^{{cite book | author1 = Margaret Loftus Ranald | author2 = Eugene O'Neill | title = The Eugene O'Neill Companion | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dQ5aAAAAMAAJ | year = 1984 | publisher = Greenwood Press | isbn = 978-0-313-22551-2 | pages = 68– | quote = Agnes Boulton died in Point Pleasant Hospital, New Jersey, on November 25, 1968, after surgery for an intestinal ailment. Accounts of O'Neill's acquaintances and friends are frequently unkind to Agnes Boulton, suggesting that the two were …}}