“Occupational skin diseases”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Clinical manifestations of the contact dermatitis are also modified by external factors such as environmental factors (mechanical pressure, temperature, and humidity) and predisposing characteristics of the individual (age, sex, ethnic origin, preexisting skin disease, atopic skin diathesis, and anatomic region exposed.^[5]

Another occupational skin disease is glove-related hand urticaria, believed to be caused by repeated wearing and removal of the gloves. It has been reported as an occupational problem among the health care workers. The reaction is caused by the latex or the nitrile present in the gloves.^[6]

Types

The acute form of this dermatitis develops on exposure of the skin to a strong irritant or caustic chemical. This exposure can occur as a result of accident at a workplace . The irritant reaction starts to increase in its intensity within minutes to hours of exposure to the irritant and reaches its peak quickly. After the reaction has reached its peak level, it starts to heal. This process is known as decrescendo phenomenon.^[7] The most frequent potent irritants leading to this type of dermatitis are acids and alkaline solutions.^[8] The symptoms include redness and swelling of the skin along with the formation of blisters.

The chronic form occurs as a result of repeated exposure of the skin to weak irritants over long periods of time.^[9]

Prevention

Prevention measures include avoidance of the irritant through its removal from the workplace or through technical shielding by the use of potent irritants in closed systems or automation, irritant replacement or removal ^[10] and personal protection of the workers. Low quality evidence exists for the effectiveness of certain therapies and their ability to specifically prevent hand skin irritation in the workplace. The limited evidence that does exist suggests that moisturizers used alone or in combination with a barrier cream can result in a clinically beneficial effect in the long or short-term primary prevention of occupational irritant hand dermatitis.^[11]

References

1. ^{{Cite book|title=Kanerva's Occupational Dermatology|last=|first=|publisher=|year=|isbn=978-3-642-02035-3|location=|pages=}}
2. ^{{Cite book|title=Irritant Dematitis|last=|first=|publisher=|year=|isbn=978-3-540-31294-9|location=|pages=}}
3. ^{{Cite journal|last=Coenraads|first=P. J.|last2=Diepgen|first2=T. L.|date=1998-02-01|title=Risk for hand eczema in employees with past or present atopic dermatitis|journal=International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health|volume=71|issue=1|pages=7–13|issn=0340-0131|pmid=9523243|doi=10.1007/s004200050243}}
4. ^{{Cite journal|last=Elsner|first=P.|date=1994-07-01|title=Irritant dermatitis in the workplace|journal=Dermatologic Clinics|volume=12|issue=3|pages=461–467|issn=0733-8635|pmid=7923942}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/diseases/dermatitis.html|title=Dermatitis, Irritant Contact : OSH Answers|last=Safety|first=Government of Canada, Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and|website=www.ccohs.ca|access-date=2016-03-25}}
6. ^Glove-related hand urticaria: an increasing occupational problem amongst health care workers. Hawkey S, Abdul Ghaffar S.
7. ^{{Cite book|title=Dermatotoxicology|last=|first=|publisher=|year=|isbn=978-0849397738|location=|pages=}}
8. ^{{Cite journal|last=Eichmann|first=A.|last2=Amgwerd|first2=D.|date=1992-05-05|title=[Toxic contact dermatitis]|journal=Schweizerische Rundschau Für Medizin Praxis = Revue Suisse De Médecine Praxis|volume=81|issue=19|pages=615–617|issn=1013-2058|pmid=1589676}}
9. ^{{Cite journal|last=Dahl|first=M. V.|date=1988-01-01|title=Chronic, irritant contact dermatitis: mechanisms, variables, and differentiation from other forms of contact dermatitis|journal=Advances in Dermatology|volume=3|pages=261–275|issn=0882-0880|pmid=3152823}}
10. ^{{Cite book|title=handbook of occupational dermatology|last=|first=|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
11. ^Bauer A, Rönsch H, Elsner P, Dittmar D, Bennett C, Schuttelaar MA, Lukács J, John S, Williams HC. Interventions for preventing occupational irritant hand dermatitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD004414. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004414.pub3