| 词条 | Odontotermes |
| 释义 |
| name = Fungus-growing termites | image = Bulletin du Muséum d'histoire naturelle (1914) (20439769575).jpg | image_caption = The alate, soldier, minor worker and queen of O. horni | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Isoptera | familia = Termitidae | subfamilia = Macrotermitinae | genus = Odontotermes | genus_authority = Holmgren, 1912 }}Odontotermes, commonly known as the fungus-growing termites, is a termite genus belonging to family Termitidae, which is native to the Old World. They are most destructive in wooden homes,[1] and are agricultural pests in the tropics and subtropics of Africa and Asia.[1] NestsTheir underground nest forms a slight mound above ground, which may be covered in grass.[2] In large colonies the mound may be up to 6 meters in diameter, and may be covered by shrubs and trees. Some species construct open chimneys or vent holes that descend into the mound. The fungal garden is enveloped by a thick layer of clay.[2] CastesThe queen is imprisoned in a clay cell in the midst of the fungal garden at the center of the hive. The African species have a single soldier cast, unlike the related genus Macrotermes. FoodTheir only food is the fungus which is grown in the fungal garden at the center of the hive. The fungus is cultivated on a substrate of wood, bark, leaf litter, dry dung and dead grass.[2] These are plastered with cement where they are obtained, which facilitates diurnal foraging. Odontotermes species are major contributors to litter decomposition.[1] The fungus Termitomyces reticulatus is found in association with O. badius and O. transvaalensis in Africa.[3] SpeciesSpecies include:
GalleryReferences1. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Chiu |first1=Chun-I |last2=Yeh |first2=Hsin-Ting |last3=Li |first3=Pai-Ling |last4=Kuo |first4=Chih-Yu |last5=Tsai |first5=Ming-Jer |last6=Li |first6=Hou-Feng |title=Foraging Phenology of the Fungus-Growing Termite Odontotermes formosanus (Blattodea: Termitidae) |journal=Environmental Entomology |date=17 September 2018 |doi=10.1093/ee/nvy140 |url=https://academic.oup.com/ee/article-abstract/47/6/1509/5098600 |accessdate=21 February 2019}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last=Picker |first=Mike|title=Field Guide to Insects of South Africa |year=2004 |publisher=Struik Publishers |location=Cape Town |isbn=978-1-77007-061-5 |page=56 |display-authors=etal}} 3. ^{{cite journal |author=van der Westhuizen GCA, Eicker A. |title=Species of Termitomyces occurring in South Africa |journal=Mycological Research |year=1990 |volume=94 |issue=7 |pages=923–37 |doi=10.1016/S0953-7562(09)81306-3}} 3 : Termites|Insects of Africa|Insects of Asia |
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