| 词条 | Offering (Christianity) |
| 释义 |
The offering in Christianity is a gift of money to the Church. In Christian worship, there is a part reserved for the collection of donations. Depending on the church, it is deposited either in a box reserved for this purpose or when a basket or purse is circulated. In some churches, it is also given by Internet. HistoryOriginIn the Bible, the offering is an act of gratitude to God.[1]At the time of Moses, God gave certain prescriptions to the people of Israel. In particular, he was to bring him some of his wealth by way of gratitude for the land that God gave him for inheritance.[2] The offerings were largely agricultural products: wheat, barley, oil, animals and the amount was one-tenth of their income, the tithe.[3] New AllianceThe New Testament does not explicitly give a definition of the Christian offering.[4] It describes the motivation of the giver and its use. The motivation of the giver must be generosity and free choice. [5] Paul of Tarsus has made several collections in order to help people in need.[6]Moreover, the offering is a support for the mission and a sign of compassion for the poor.[7] 21st centuryOffering through the Internet has become a common practice in many evangelical churches.[8][9] UsingThe offering is put at the service of the Church, for example for the support of the ministers of God, Pastors or missionaries, renting the building or maintenance costs, helping the underprivileged (Christian humanitarian aid.[10][11] For the affiliated churches, the offering also supports the services of their denomination.[12] ControversiesIn the 16th century, many Protestant theologians criticized the sale of indulgences by the Catholic Church, for the remission of sins.[13] A particularly controversial doctrine in the Evangelical Churches is that of the prosperity theology, which spread in the 1970s and 1980s in the United States, mainly through televangelism. [14] This doctrine is centered on the teaching of Christian faith as a means to enrich oneself financially and materially, through a "positive confession" and a contribution to Christian ministries.[15] Promises of divine healing and prosperity are guaranteed in exchange for certain amounts of donations. [16] [17] [18] Fidelity in the tithe would allow one to avoid the curses of God, the attacks of the devil and poverty. [19][20] [21] The offerings and the tithe occupies a lot of time in the worship services. [22] Often associated with the tithe mandatory, this doctrine is sometimes compared to a religious business. [23][24][25][26] It is criticized by pastors and church unions, such as the National Council of Evangelicals of France, in France. [27][28] References1. ^ Walter A. Elwell, Evangelical Dictionary of Theology, Baker Academic, USA, 2001, p. 46-47 {{Portal|Evangelical Christianity|}}2. ^ Richard Watson, A Biblical and Theological Dictionary, Carlton & Porter, USA, 1831, p. 835 3. ^ James Leo Garrett, Systematic Theology, Volume 2, Second Edition, Wipf and Stock Publishers, USA, 2014, p. 410 4. ^ William A. Dyrness, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Global Dictionary of Theology: A Resource for the Worldwide Church, InterVarsity Press, USA, 2009, p. 442 5. ^ Frank S. Thielman, Theology of the New Testament, Zondervan Academic, USA, 2011, p. 339 6. ^ Michael Barnett, Janice Gross Stein, Sacred Aid: Faith and Humanitarianism, Oxford University Press, UK, 2012, p. 67 7. ^ Mark L. Vincent, Matthew M. Thomas, A Christian View of Money: Celebrating God’s Generosity (4th edition), Wipf and Stock Publishers, USA, 2017, p. 43 8. ^ Michael Gryboski, [https://www.christianpost.com/news/millennial-majority-churches-detail-challenges-success-stories-in-growth-and-finances-224528/ Millennial-Majority Churches Detail Challenges, Success Stories in Growth and Finances], christianpost.com, USA, June 18, 2018 9. ^ Ghana News Agency, [https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/141054/Asoriba-launches-church-management-software Asoriba launches church management software], businessghana.com, Ghana, February 3, 2017 10. ^ Brian Stiller, Evangelicals Around the World: A Global Handbook for the 21st Century, Éditions Thomas Nelson, USA, 2015, p. 128-129 11. ^ Rémy Chhem, Marc-André Morency, Le culte du dimanche à l’Église évangélique baptiste de Québec, IPIR, Canada, December 13, 2011 12. ^ Norman Doe, Christian Law: Contemporary Principles, Cambridge University Press, UK, 2013, p. 332 13. ^ Frank K. Flinn, Encyclopedia of Catholicism, Infobase Publishing, USA, 2007, p. 530 14. ^ Randall Herbert Balmer, Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism: Revised and expanded edition, Baylor University Press, USA, 2004, p. 562 15. ^ Kate Bowler, Blessed: A History of the American Prosperity Gospel, OUP USA, USA, 2013, p. 59 16. ^ Laure Atmann, Au nom de Dieu et… du fric!, notreafrik.com, Belgium, July 26, 2015 17. ^ Bob Smietana, [https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2018/july/prosperity-gospel-survey-churchgoers-prosper-tithe-blessing.html Prosperity Gospel Taught to 4 in 10 Evangelical Churchgoers], christianitytoday.com, USA, July 31, 2018 18. ^ Gina Meeks, Megachurch Pastor Ed Young Promises to Refund Tithe if God Doesn't Open the Windows of Heaven, charismanews.com, USA, June 16, 2014 19. ^ John Blake, [https://www.cnn.com/2015/06/14/us/sunday-stickup/index.html How passing the plate becomes the 'Sunday morning stickup'], cnn.com, USA, June 14, 2015 20. ^ Raoul Mbog, [https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2015/12/25/le-juteux-business-du-pasteur-evangelique-dieunedort-kamdem_4838146_3212.html Le juteux business du pasteur évangélique Dieunedort Kamdem], lemonde.fr, France, December 25, 2015 21. ^ Venance Konan,Églises évangéliques d’Abidjan - Au nom du père, du fils et... du business, koffi.net, Ivory Coast, May 10, 2007 22. ^ Marie-Claude Malboeuf and Jean-Christophe Laurence, Églises indépendantes: le culte de l'argent, lapresse.ca, Canada, November 17, 2010 23. ^ Laurie Goodstein, [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/16/us/16gospel.html Believers Invest in the Gospel of Getting Rich], nytimes.com, USA, August 15, 2009 24. ^Jean-Christophe Laurence, Le business religieux, lapresse.ca, Canada, November 17, 2010 25. ^ Trésor Kibangula, [https://www.jeuneafrique.com/134687/politique/rdc-pasteur-un-job-en-or/ RDC : pasteur, un job en or], jeuneafrique.com, France, February 06, 2014 26. ^ Raoul Mbog, [https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2015/12/25/le-juteux-business-du-pasteur-evangelique-dieunedort-kamdem_4838146_3212.html Le juteux business du pasteur évangélique Dieunedort Kamdem], lemonde.fr, France, December 25, 2015 27. ^ Henrik Lindell, Théologie de la prospérité : quand Dieu devient un distributeur de miracles, lavie.fr, France, August 8, 2012 28. ^ AFP, Le ruineux Evangile des "théologiens de la prospérité", lepoint.fr, France, March 26, 2013 1 : Evangelical ecclesiology |
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