| 词条 | Olga T. Yokoyama |
| 释义 |
| name = Olga Tsuneko Yokoyama | birth_date ={{Birth date and age |1942|09|11|}} | birth_place = China | other_names = Ольга Борисовна | citizenship = USA | occupation = Linguist | notable_works = Discourse and word order | website = http://www.appling.ucla.edu/people/faculty/2-uncategorised/112-test-akash }} Olga Tsuneko Yokoyama (Russian Ольга Борисовна Йокояма, born September 11, 1942) is a Distinguished Professor of Applied Linguistics at the University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA).[1] Her research interests include topics in Slavic philology, functionalist constraints in the syntax, word order and intonation of Russian. Life and careerIn 1970 Yokoyama received her D.D.S. (Doctor of Dental Science) degree from Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan. Then she received two M.A. degrees in Slavic linguistics and literature: in 1972 from the University of Illinois and in 1974 from Harvard University where she was one of the students of Roman Jakobson and Susumu Kuno [2] and stayed there to complete her Ph.D in Slavic Linguistics in 1979.[3] Yokoyama then stayed at her alma mater, Harvard University, to start her career as Assistant Professor, receiving tenure in 1987. In 1995 she moved to California where she started as Professor of Slavic Languages and Literature at UCLA, moving to Applied Linguistics in 2004. In 2012, she was awarded the title of Distinguished Professor.[3] Yokoyama's research has been supported by the National Science Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the DAAD-ACLS German-American Commission, and the Modern Humanities Research Association, among others.[3] She has been invited as a visiting scholar to universities in the U.S., Russia, Korea and Japan. Yokoyama received a high recognition from the Russian government as she was awarded a title Honorary Doctorate by Russian Federation Ministry of Education and Science in 2013.[3] ResearchDiscourse and Word OrderYokoyama's book Discourse and Word Order (1986) consists of two parts. In Part 1, Yokoyama proposes a universal cognitive Transactional Discourse Model (TDM) to account for primarily information discourse-initial utterances (directives, statements, effusions/exclamatory sentences, questions) and non-discourse-initial utterances (obligatory responses, voluntary contributions).[2][4][9] In Part 2 she demonstrates how this model applies to Russian word order and intonation patterns. She also reviews the studies on Topic and comment by the Prague School: the works of V. Mathesius, F. Daneš, P. Sgall, E. Hajicova, J. Firbas, and P. Adamec without mentioning the earlier sources such as G. v.d. Gabelentz, H. Paul, and W. Wundt.[2] TDM represents verbal communication process between two people, in terms of transaction of seven kinds of knowledge, which Yokoyama graphically displays by using a Venn diagram.[2][4][9][14] Two kinds of metinformational[5] knowledge:
Five kinds of informational knowledge:
In addition, Yokoyama proposes four minimal units of the discourse model:[6][4][2] the set of knowledge of the speaker (A); the set of knowledge of the addressee (B); the area of present concern of the speaker (Ca); and the area of present concern of the addressee (Cb). These units undergo changes during the communication process as the transaction of seven kinds of knowledge occurs. TDM presupposes conditions for successful communication: the area of present concern of the speaker and the area of the present concern of the addressee should intersect (Ca∩Cb), i.e. the intersection is not empty, not a null-set. However, it is possible that Ca contains the information that is not within B’s current concern Cb, therefore the imposition of A’s concern will take place, due to the wrong assessment of the discourse situation.[7][2] Imposition may be seen as a dominating or even aggressive behaviour. Thus TDM explains why people try to minimize imposition on people they don’t know at all, or don’t know well enough.[4] Yokoyama’s analysis is unique in its empirical and well-constructed support to the formal representation of multiple interrelated factors: the knowledge sets of the interlocutors and matters of their current concerns.[2] By examining those minimal units of informal discourse situations, Yokoyama makes it possible to formulate rules governing the intentional transaction of knowledge between conversation partners and apply them to specific examples of modern Russian language.[2] PublicationsOver the years of her career Yokoyama has published articles in various journals in the U.S. and internationally and presented at conferences in US, Asia and Europe. The topics cover discourse grammar, gender linguistics, Russian intonation, and analysis of literary language, and the language of the 19th century Russian peasants' correspondence.[1] Russian Peasant LettersYokoyama's book Russian Peasant Letters include a collection of letters exchanged between members of the Stafanovs/Zhernakovs family,[8] which represent an invaluable primary source for studying dialectal speech typical of the Vyatka region in the second half of the 19th century.[9] Most of the letters were addressed to Yokoyama's grandfather Vasiliy Zhernakov, who in 1881, at the age of 17, left home in the former Vyatka Province for Siberia to earn money and eventually became a successful merchant and philanthropist. Yokoyama recognized that this is a valuable source for studying the language and economic conditions of common people in Russia in the late 19th century. The first volume contains original facsimiles of the letters with comments on phonological and orthographic variations; and their translation into modern Russian with comments on grammar and meaning of some words.[10] The second volume provides the English translation of these letters with practical cultural comments, explaining different farming terms or relationships within the family.[10] Yokoyama's study is important both linguistically, presenting the original north-eastern dialectal speech of peasants in the 19th century, and historically, showing the real struggles of peasants striving for upward mobility in pre-revolutionary Russia.[8][10] Yokoyama conducted a thorough linguistic analysis of the language of the letters, covering such aspects as phonology, word change, word order, syntax, discourse, pragmatics, poetic aspects and variations .[11] However, historiographers may find the historical part of research incomplete, but still a valuable source for research on life of Russian peasants in the 19th century.[11][10] Books authored[1]
Books edited[1]
Articles[1]
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web|url=http://www.appling.ucla.edu/people/faculty/2-uncategorised/36-olga-t-yokoyama|title=Olga T. Yokoyama|website=www.appling.ucla.edu|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-03-17}}{{Dead link|date=July 2017}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Yokoyama, Olga}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{Cite journal|last=Růžička|first=Rudolf|date=1992|title=Review of Yokoyama OT Discourse and Word Order|url=|journal=Kratylos|volume=32|pages=21–31}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url=http://www.appling.ucla.edu/people/faculty/2-uncategorised/112-test-akash|title=Professor Olga T. Yokoyama's CV|last=|first=|date=|website=www.appling.ucla.edu|language=en-gb|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-03-17}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{Cite journal|last=Mignot|first=Xavier|date=1988|title=Review of Yokoyama Discourse and Word Order|url=|journal=Bullutin de la Socit de linguistique de Paris|volume=83.2|pages=67–69}} 5. ^{{Cite book|title=Discourse and Word Order|last=Yokoyama|first=Olga T.|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|year=1986|isbn=|location=Amsterdam/Philadelphia|pages=}} 6. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|last=Golubeva-Monatkina|first=N.I.|date=1991|title=Review of Yokoyama Discourse and Word Order|url=|journal=Voprosy iazykoznaniia|volume=2|pages=148–152}} 7. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=James E.|date=1988|title=Review of Yokoyama Discourse and Word Order|url=|journal=Russian Language Journal / Русский язык|volume=42|pages=354–356}} 8. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Kasatkina|first=R.F.|date=|year=2013|title=Olga Yokoyama. Russikie krest'janskie pis'ma: teksty i konteksty (Russian Peasant Letters: Texts and Contexts)|url=|journal=Izvestija RAN. Serija literaruty i jazyka. No. 2|volume=72|pages=65–70|via=}} 9. ^Labunec, Natal’ja Vadimovna and Dar’ja Evgen’evna Ertner. 2010. “ Review of Yokoyama Russian Peasant Letters. Texts and Contexts.” Vestnik Tjumenskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Social’no-Jekonomicheskie I Pravovye Issledovanija (1). 10. ^1 2 3 {{Cite journal|last=Bohac|first=Rodney, D.|year=2009|title=Review of Yokoyama Russian Peasant Letters|url=|journal=Russian Review|volume=68|pages=710–712|via=}} 11. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Ketschmer|first=Anna|year=2013|title=Review of Yokoyama Peasant Letters|url=|journal=Wiener slavistisches Jahrbuch|volume=N.S.1|pages=327–330|via=}} 1 : Harvard University alumni |
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