“Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians of the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation is a federally recognized tribe of the Cahuilla, located in Riverside County, California.^[3] They inhabited the Coachella Valley desert and surrounding mountains between 5000 BCE and 500 AD. With the establishment of the reservations, the Cahuilla were officially divided into 10 sovereign nations, including the Agua Caliente Band.^[4]

Reservation

The Agua Caliente Indian Reservation was founded on May 15, 1876^[5] through Executive Order and signed by President Ulysses S. Grant and occupies {{convert|31610|acre|ha}}. On 1877 and 1907 the Reservation was extended to over 32,000 acres of land. Since {{convert|6700|acre|ha}} of the reservation are within Palm Springs city limits, the tribe is the city's largest collective landowner. The tribe owns Indian Canyons, located southwest of Palm Springs. The canyons are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.^[3] They also own land in the Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument.

Government

The tribe's headquarters is located in Palm Springs, California. They ratified their constitution and bylaws in 1957,^[5] gaining federal recognition.

For many years the band was headed by Chairman Richard M. Milanovich until his death on March 11, 2012. Their current tribal council is as follows:

Language

Agua Caliente is one of three reservations where speakers of the "Pass" dialect of the Cahuilla were located, the other two being the Morongo Indian Reservation and Augustine Indian Reservation. Pass Cahuilla is a dialect of Cahuilla found within the Cupan branch of Takic languages, part of the Uto-Aztecan language family. Though revitalization efforts are underway, all dialects of Cahuilla are technically considered to be extinct as they are no longer spoken at home, and children are no longer learning them as a primary language.^[6] The last native speaker of Pass Cahuilla died in 2008.

Programs and economic development

Tribal programs and family services

Tribal Family Services was established in 2003 to support social and educational programs for tribal members. Other services include cultural preservation, child development, and scholarships.^[7]

The Jane Augustine Patencio Cemetery^[8] provides burial services. (Palm Springs artist Carl Eytel is one of the few non-Indians buried in the cemetery.)

Agua Caliente Cultural Museum

The Agua Caliente Cultural Museum in Palm Springs was founded by the tribe in 1991. It houses permanent collections and archives, a research library, and changing exhibits, as well as hosting an annual film festival.^[9]

Spa resort and casinos

The tribe owns two major casinos: the Spa Resort Casino in downtown Palm Springs, California at the original hot springs^[10] and the Agua Caliente Casino Resort Spa in Rancho Mirage, California. The resort at Rancho Mirage also includes a hotel, fitness center and spa, the Canyons Lounge, and seven different restaurants.^[11] The Spa Resort Casino, opened in 2003, features gaming, the Cascade Lounge, and four restaurants.^[12]

Indian Canyons

Golf courses

The tribe also maintains two golf courses in Indian Canyon which are open to the public.^[15]

Notable tribal members

See also

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|title=2010 Census CPH-T-6. American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2010/cph-t/t-6tables/TABLE%20(1).pdf|website=www.census.gov|accessdate=12 November 2016}}
2. ^Eargle, 111
3. ^¹California Indians and Their Reservations. San Diego State University Library and Information Access. 2009. Retrieved 1 Nov 2012.
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aguacaliente.org/content/History%20&%20Culture/|title=Cultural History|publisher=Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians|accessdate=12 September 2017}}
5. ^¹Pritzker, 120
6. ^Hinton, 28, 32
7. ^Tribal Services {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016165646/http://www.aguacaliente.org/content/Tribal%20Services/ |date=October 16, 2011 }}
8. ^Jane Augustine Patencio Cemetery, Palm Springs Find A Grave
9. ^About the Museum Agua Caliente Cultural Museum. (retrieved 10 May 2010)
10. ^{{GNIS|269434|Agua Caliente Spring}}; at {{Coord|33|49|24|N|116|32|43|W|display=inline}}
11. ^Agua Caliente Casino Rancho Mirage 500 Nations (retrieved 10 May 2010)
12. ^Spa Resort Casino Palm Springs 500 Nations. (retrieved 10 May 2010)
13. ^Agua Caliente Band: Tahquitz Canyon {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121032927/http://www.tahquitzcanyon.com/index.html |date=November 21, 2011 }}
* {{GNIS|274025|Tahquitz Canyon}}
14. ^Agua Caliente Band: The Indian Canyons {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116021419/http://www.theindiancanyons.com/index.html |date=January 16, 2012 }}, for information on each canyon.* {{GNIS|272845|Palm Canyon}}* {{GNIS|269531|Andreas Canyon}}* {{GNIS|272607|Murray Canyon}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.indiancanyonsgolf.com/|title=Indian Canyons Golf Resort|work=indiancanyonsgolf.com}}
16. ^Palm Springs Walk of Stars: By Date Dedicated {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208224143/http://www.palmspringswalkofstars.com/web-storage/Stars%20by%20date/Stars%20dedicated%20by%20date.pdf |date=2012-12-08 }}