| 词条 | Olympic Diploma of Merit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Olympic Diploma of Merit (not to be confused with the Olympic Diploma awarded to athletes) was an award given by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to recognise outstanding services to sports or a notable contribution to the Olympic Games. By 1974, the last time the awards were granted, just 58 people had received the award.[1][2] HistoryPierre de Coubertin, the originator of the modern Olympic Games, created the honour during the Brussels Olympic Congress of 1905 for those who had made outstanding services to sports or to those who had a major contribution in promoting the Olympic ideals. Strangely, at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, where red, blue and yellow vouchers were exchanged by the first three athletes for gold, silver and bronze medals respectively, a non-winning competitor's blue voucher could be exchanged for a 'Diploma of Merit' (equivalent of the Olympic Diploma). [3] Sports people who have won the award include Englishman Jack Beresford, winner of medals at five successive Olympics, Dane Ivan Osiier who took part in seven Olympic Games over 28 years, missing the 1936 Games as a protest against Nazism[4] and Frenchman Jean Borotra, Olympic bronze medallist in the Men's Doubles in 1924, winner of four different tennis Grand Slam titles and founder of the International Fair Play Committee.[1]Sports administrators and promoters who have received the award include Sir Herbert Macdonald, four-time team manager for the Jamaican Olympic Team, and Sir Stanley Rous, former Secretary of The Football Association and the 6th President of FIFA (and one of the last three winners along with Jean Borotra).[1] The award has also gone to those working in the arts: architect Kenzō Tange received the award for his design of the Japanese National Gymnasium for the 1964 Olympics, and film director Kon Ichikawa received one for his celebrated, athlete-focused 1965 documentary film Tokyo Olympiad ((Tōkyō Orinpikku)).[5] The IOC discontinued the Olympic Diploma of Merit, and three other awards, at the 75th IOC session in 1974. The two extant awards are the Olympic Order, created in 1975 for distinguished contributions to the Olympic movement, and the Olympic Cup, instituted in 1906 by Coubertin for organisations with a record of support for the Olympics and presented annually. [6]List of Olympic Diploma of Merit awardsA listing of all 57 recipients:[7]
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://library.la84.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1974/ore85/ore85n.pdf|title=Three Olympic Diplomas of Merit|last1=1974 Olympic Awards|website=la84.org|accessdate=25 October 2017}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://library.la84.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1969/ore20/ore20u.pdf|title=Vernon Morgan|last1=The Olympic Diploma of Merit|website=la84.org|accessdate=25 October 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/7362712.stm|title=Photos of 1908 memorabilia |last1=Olympics|website=www.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=25 October 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishsports.net/BioPages/IvanOsiier.htm|title=Ivan Osiier|last1=International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame|website=www.jewishsports.net|accessdate=25 October 2017}} 5. ^{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement|page=172|last1=Findling|first1=John E.|last2=Pelle|first2=Kimberly D.|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport|date=2004}} 6. ^{{cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement|last1=Mallon|first1=Bill|last2=Heijmans|first2=Jeroen|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|edition=5|location=Lanham|date=2015|page=423}} 7. ^{{Cite book |title=Olympic Charter 1983 |publisher=Comite International Olympique |year=1983 |pages=142–143}} 2 : Olympic culture|Sports trophies and awards |
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