| 词条 | Operaphone Records |
| 释义 |
| image = Operaphone 21196B.jpg | parent = | founded = 1915 | status = Defunct | distributor = | genre = Pop, light classics | location = New York City | url = }} Operaphone Records was a record company in existence from 1915 until 1921, who released numerous phonograph records cut in the hill-and-dale and universal-cut methods. HistoryThe Operaphone Manufacturing Corporation of New York was established by John Fletcher, a professional musician and amateur inventor, in 1914 with George Thomas serving as company president.[1][2] A pressing plant in Long Island City was soon established.[2] Fletcher claimed in a trademark application that he had first used the name Operaphone beginning in March, 1915.[2] Advertising for Operaphone discs first occurred in January 1916, offering 8-inch discs for 35 cents.[1] 12 new discs (24 titles) were released each month.[1] Operaphone claimed their output of discs tripled between January and August 1916.[2] The price of the 10-inch records had been increased to $1.00 by July 1920.[1] The company was reorganized in 1918 as the Operaphone Co., Inc. Eight-inch records were discontinued, some 200 having been produced, and a standard-size 10-inch series of discs was announced, but the records remained vertically cut.[2] This series also failed to capture the public’s imagination (and wallets), and a final series of 10-inch records was introduced in July 1919. These discs used Emerson’s universal-cut system, which were intended to be playable phonographs using either the vertical or lateral reproducers.[2] These met with the most success, as they are the most commonly-found Operaphone products.[2] In March 1921 it was announced in the trade publication Talking Machine World that Operaphone would quit the record business.[1] The company was purchased by the Remington Phonograph Company, and it was reorganized as the Olympic Disc Record Company.[1] Subsequently, Harry Pace partnered with Fletcher to bring use of the Operaphone pressing facility to the new Black Swan Records.[3] Operaphone also pressed records for client labels, including All-Star, Crescent, Domestic, and Elginola.[2] In Canada, the discs were sold for CAN$0.50, distributed by Canadian Phonograph Company of Toronto.[2] FormatMost Operaphone discs are vertically cut, but there is not consistency regarding the groove types of these discs. Some use the narrow-cut process similar to Edison Diamond Discs, while others use the sapphire-ball cut of Pathé Records[4] which is to be expected as some of Operaphone's masters originated from that company.[5] The very earliest Operaphone discs were 7 inches in diameter, vertically cut, with a paint-filled, etched label.[2] This was a very shortly-lived series, as an 8-inch series of vertically-cut discs quickly introduced.[2] It was claimed that these played as long as a twelve-inch discs.[1] The painted label was replaced by an etched, frosted label similar in appearance to the Edison Diamond Disc, but this labeling format was replaced in August 1916 by a standard paper label.[2] Ten-inch, vertically cut discs were released beginning in July 1918, and then a switch was made in July 1919 to the universal-cut format.[2] GenreOperaphone issued popular material of the day, including sentimental ballads, comic songs, and various instrumental selections, fitting with the motto “Music for Everybody” which appeared on the labels. A few items of moderate jazz interest by the Joseph Samuels outfit, under pseudonym, appear on Operaphone.[4] Fletcher claimed in 1918 that he planned to release “the entire symphonic repertoire”, but nothing ever became of these plans.[2] Despite the label’s name, no serious operatic recordings were released on Operaphone.[1] Operaphone attempted to increase record sales by placing highly disparate material on the opposite side of their records. The strategy backfired, and Operaphone ceased the practice within a few months.[2] All material was leased from Pathé, but there are known instances where material appeared on Operaphone as early as a month before the recording was issued on Pathé itself. There was no public acknowledgement of a tie between the two companies.[2] Selected artists
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite book |last=Andrews |first=Frank|editor1-last=Hoffman |editor1-first=Frank |date=2005 |title=Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound|publisher=Routledge |pages=777–778 |isbn=0-415-93835-X}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 {{cite book| last = Sutton| first = Allan| title = American Record Labels and Companies – An Encyclopedia (1891–1943)| publisher = Mainspring Press| year = 2000|pages=151–153| isbn = 0-9671819-0-9}} 3. ^{{cite book |last1=Thygesen |first1=Helge|last2=Berresford |first2=Mark|last3=Shor |first3=Russ |date=1996 |title=Black Swan: The Record Label of the Harlem Renaissance: a History and Catalogue Listing Including Olympic Records and Associated Labels |publisher=VJM |page=89 |isbn=}} 4. ^1 {{cite book |last= Rust|first=Brian |date=1984 |title=The American Record Label Book |location=New York |publisher=Da Capo Press |page=219 |isbn=0-306-76211-0}} 5. ^{{cite book |last=Berresford |first=Mark |date=2010 |title= That's Got 'Em!: The Life and Music of Wilbur C. Sweatman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_E9fx8f0uCcC&pg=PA193&dq=Operaphone&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjytJiS3pXKAhWM7iYKHZqEDZEQ6AEINzAE#v=onepage&q=Operaphone&f=false |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |page=193 |isbn=9781604733716}} 6. ^{{cite book |last=Gracyk |first=Tim |date=2000 |title= Popular American Recording Pioneers 1895–1925 |location=New York |publisher=The Haworth Press |page=33 |isbn=1-56024-993-5}} 7. ^{{cite journal |author= |title=Record Bulletins for May, 1917 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pVVGAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA112-IA6&dq=Operaphone |journal=Talking Machine World |page=126 |publisher= |date=May 1917 |access-date=January 5, 2016}} 8. ^{{cite journal |author= |title=Record Bulletins for August|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pVVGAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA112-IA6&dq=Operaphone |journal=Talking Machine World |page=126 |publisher= |date=July 15, 1918 |access-date=January 5, 2016}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite journal |author= |title=Record Bulletins for September, 1916 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pVVGAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA112-IA6&dq=Operaphone |journal=Talking Machine World |page=100 |publisher= |date=September 1916 |access-date=January 5, 2016}} 10. ^{{cite book |last=Cullen |first= Frank|date=2004 |title=Vaudeville old & new: an encyclopedia of variety performances in America, Volume 1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XFnfnKg6BcAC&pg=PA1063&dq=Operaphone |location= |publisher=Routledge |page=1063 |isbn=9780415938532}} 4 : Record labels established in 1914|Record labels disestablished in 1921|1914 establishments in New York (state)|Vertical cut record labels |
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