| 词条 | Operation Chieftain |
| 释义 |
Operation Chieftain was a Royal Navy operation during the Second World War. Designed to support Operation Crusader, a decoy convoy, GM 3, was assembled, in an attempt to divert Axis aircraft away from the land battle. Five merchantmen, the oiler Brown Ranger, a sloop, a destroyer, and three corvettes left Gibraltar on 16 November 1941. The freighters were to turn back after dark and return independently while the escort conducted a two day anti-submarine sweep. One corvette had engine trouble, sailed late and sank a German U-boat. Force K contributed to the deception by sailing westwards from Malta to simulate a rendezvous with GM 3, then reversiing course overnight. A second diversion force, as Operation Landmark, left Malta early on 21 November, feigning a voyage to Alexandria to escort four merchant ships. For added verisimilitude, the battle squadron at Alexandria sailed as if to meet the ships from Malta. B-Dienst (Observation Service) learnt from British naval signals Force K was at sea, so an Italian convoy and escorts were ordered to port rather than risk battle.{{sfn|Woodman|2003|pp=253–256}} NotesSources
|last=Woodman |first=R. |title=Malta Convoys 1940–1943 |year=2003 |publisher=John Murray |location=London |edition=pbk. |isbn=978-0-7195-6408-6}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Chieftain, Operation}} 5 : Malta Convoys|Battle of the Mediterranean|Mediterranean Sea operations of World War II|Malta in World War II|Naval battles and operations of World War II involving the United Kingdom |
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