| 词条 | Operation Crusader (video game) |
| 释义 |
| title = Operation Crusader | image = Operation Crusader DOS.jpg | caption = Cover art | developer = Atomic Games | publisher = Avalon Hill | released = {{vgrelease|NA|1994}} | genre = Strategy | platforms = DOS, Macintosh }}{{italic title}}Operation Crusader is a 1994 computer wargame developed by Atomic Games and published by Avalon Hill. Operation Crusader was among the first titles released in Avalon Hill's push to revive its computer game division during the 1990s, in an attempt to diversify its business because of falling board wargame sales. The company hired Atomic Games as a key to this initiative, and Crusader acted as the spiritual success to its earlier V for Victory wargame series, reusing and updating much of the game design and code from those titles. Gameplay{{expand-section|date=December 2018}}DevelopmentStarting with the hire of producer Jim Rose in December 1992,[1][2] Avalon Hill began an effort to revive its computer game branch in response to flagging board wargame sales during the 1990s.[3][4] Rose signed developer Atomic Games in 1993 as a key part of this initiative.[3][4][3] The Atomic team was known for the V for Victory series with Three-Sixty Pacific, but had recently left that publisher,[3] after a period of financial problems that culminated in a lawsuit for unpaid royalties.[5][6] While Avalon contracted Atomic primarily to create a computer version of Advanced Squad Leader,[3][7] Alan Emrich of Computer Gaming World reported rumors in 1993 that "Avalon Hill will [also] be publishing a second game from Atomic" centered on the North African Campaign. He speculated that this was "what would be the next V for Victory game in an Avalon Hill wrapper".[3] By January 1994, Atomic Games had revealed the World at War series as the successor to its V for Victory line under Avalon, and its first entry was entitled Operation Crusader.[8] Alongside Kingmaker, Operation Crusader was one of the first two titles released as part of Avalon Hill's new initiative.[4][9] The computer game division had previously been known for low-quality titles,[9][2][19] a problem that Avalon Hill's Don Greenwood blamed on his and the company's "hubris" and favoritism toward board products.[9] Ross Hetrick of the Baltimore Sun reported that the company's first venture ran from 1983 to 1986, and ended "when its games began to lag those of competitors."[10] For Operation Crusader, Zabalaoui noted that Avalon Hill's president had informed him that " 'good' isn't good enough".[4] Atomic and Avalon Hill experienced creative friction during the development of Operation Crusader.[11][12][13]Computer Gaming World columnist Alan Emrich wrote in 1995, "To say there was no love lost between [...] Jim Rose and Atomic's Keith Zabalaoui would be a gracious understatement."[13] However, the magazine's Terry Coleman noted that the "tensions" between the companies' design philosophies "worked positively" on Operation Crusader.[11] Operation Crusader was released in 1994, between April and June.[10]ReceptionIn PC Gamer US, William R. Trotter called Operation Crusader "a thoroughbred and a champion", and awarded it a score of 94%.[14] Czech magazine Score rated the game 6 out of 10.[15] Trotter went on to name Operation Crusader one of his favorite titles of 1994, and wrote that it "captured all the sweep, fluidity, and sudden reversals-of-fortune that characterized the desert war."[16] The game was also a runner-up for Computer Gaming World{{'}}s 1994 "Wargame of the Year" prize, which ultimately went to Panzer General. The editors remarked that Crusader "one-ups Atomic Games' V for Victory series in terms of both graphics and gameplay."[17] In 1996, the magazine declared it the 110th-best computer game ever released.[18] References1. ^{{cite journal | author=Rose, Jim | title=Silicon Simulations | journal=The General | page=57 | volume=28 | issue=4 | date=1993 }} 2. ^1 {{cite journal | author=Trotter, William R.| journal=PC Gamer US | title=The Desktop General; Avalon Hill: On the Ropes or On a Roll? |date=December 1995 | volume=2 | issue=12 | pages=303, 304 }} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal| author=Emrich, Alan |title=How Goes the Battle? |date=November 1993 |issue=112| journal=Computer Gaming World | page=164 }} 4. ^1 {{cite journal | author=Hawthorne, Don | journal=The General | title=Silicon Simulations |date=1993 | volume=29 | number=1 | pages=54, 55 }} 5. ^{{cite journal | author=Staff | title=Eyewitness; V for Lawsuit | journal=PC Gamer US | pages=32, 33 | date=February 1995 | volume=2 | number=2 }} 6. ^{{cite journal | author=Frisina, Tom | title=Eyewitness; V for Victory — Continued | journal=PC Gamer US | page=42 | date=March 1995 | volume=2 | number=3 }} 7. ^{{cite web | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990428150818/http://www.gamespot.com/features/cc3_dd/120498/index.html | url=http://www.gamespot.com:80/features/cc3_dd/120498/index.html | title=Designer Diaries: Close Combat III | date=December 4, 1998 | archivedate=April 28, 1999 | work=GameSpot | author=Zabalaoui, Keith | deadurl=yes | df= }} 8. ^{{cite web | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19970614074613/http://www.atomic.com:80/games/reviews/CrusaderNotes-S+.html | url=http://www.atomic.com:80/games/reviews/CrusaderNotes-S+.html | title=Operation Crusader: Designer's Notes | authors=Zabalaoui, Keith; Wesevich, Jeff | work=Computer Games Strategy Plus | archivedate=June 14, 1997 | publisher=Atomic Games | date=January 1994 | deadurl=yes }} 9. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal | author=Greenwood, Don | journal=The General | title=The Avalon Hill Philosophy Part 161: A Tale of Two Companies |date=1994 | volume=29 | number=2 | page=3 }} 10. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325050220/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1994-06-13/business/1994164133_1_dott-avalon-kingmaker | url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1994-06-13/business/1994164133_1_dott-avalon-kingmaker | title=Getting Back Into The Battle | date=June 13, 1994 | author=Hetrick, Ross | work=Baltimore Sun | archivedate=March 25, 2016 | deadurl=no }} 11. ^1 {{cite journal| author=Coleman, Terry |title=Close Combat III; Atomic for Power, Turbines for Speed |date=January 1999 |issue=174| journal=Computer Gaming World | pages=82, 83, 86 }} 12. ^{{cite journal | author=Trotter, William R.| journal=PC Gamer US | title=The Desktop General; Avalon Hill: On the Ropes or On a Roll? |date=December 1995 | volume=2 | issue=12 | pages=303, 304 }} 13. ^1 {{cite journal| author=Emrich, Alan |title=Turning the Telescope Around; G-2 |date=November 1995 |issue=136| journal=Computer Gaming World | pages=253, 254, 256 }} 14. ^1 {{cite web | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19970614074641/http://www.atomic.com:80/games/reviews/PC_Gamer_Review.html | url=http://www.atomic.com:80/games/reviews/PC_Gamer_Review.html | title=Review of Operation Crusader in PC Gamer Magazine | date=December 1994 | volume=1 | issue=6 | author=Trotter, William R. | authorlink=William R. Trotter | work=PC Gamer US | publisher=Atomic Games | archivedate=June 14, 1997 | deadurl=yes }} 15. ^https://www.oldgames.sk/en/mag/score-21/page/36/ 16. ^{{cite journal | author=Trotter, William R. | authorlink=William R. Trotter | title=The Desktop General; The Best and the Worst of 1994 | date=February 1995 | page=133 | journal=PC Gamer US | volume=2 | issue=2 }} 17. ^{{cite journal | author=Staff | journal=Computer Gaming World | title=The Computer Gaming World 1995 Premier Awards |date=May 1995 | issue=130 | pages=35, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44 }} 18. ^{{cite journal | author=Staff | title=150 Best (and 50 Worst) Games of All Time | journal=Computer Gaming World | date=November 1996 | issue=148 | pages=63–65, 68, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 84, 88, 90, 94, 98 }} External links
7 : 1994 video games|Computer wargames|DOS games|Mac OS games|Video games developed in the United States|Video games set in Africa|World War II video games |
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