“Operation Golden Flow”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Operation Golden Flow

释义

References

{{Orphan|date=January 2017}}Operation Golden Flow is a unofficial term that was coined during the Nixon era for the mandatory drug testing of all military service members returning from Vietnam, a program that was headed by Dr. Jerome Jaffe, head of the White House drug office.^[1]

In June 1971, the U.S. military announced that they would begin urinalysis of all returning servicemen. The program went into effect in September with favorable results that only 4.5% of the soldiers tested positive for heroin.^[2]

American soldiers in Vietnam would not be permitted to board a plane home until they passed a urine drug test. If they failed, the soldiers would be forced to stay in Vietnam, undergo detoxification, and try again.^[3]

The term had evolved to mean random urinalysis testing and also nicknamed "Lemonade Party".^[4]

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/drug_wars/print.html|title=America's Drug War: from American RadioWorks, Minnesota Public Radio|last=Media|first=American Public|website=americanradioworks.publicradio.org|language=en|access-date=2017-04-18}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/cron/|title=Thirty Years Of America's Drug War {{!}} Drug Wars {{!}} FRONTLINE {{!}} PBS|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2017-04-18}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/21/health/vietnam-heroin-disrupting-addiction/index.html|title=Vietnam, heroin and the lesson of disrupting addiction|last=Correspondent|first=Dr Sanjay Gupta, CNN Chief Medical|website=CNN|access-date=2017-04-18}}
4. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.stripes.com/news/yokota-conducts-massive-weekend-drug-testing-1.283784|title=Yokota conducts massive weekend drug testing|work=Stars and Stripes|access-date=2017-04-18}}

2 : Vietnam War|Substance abuse

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