| 词条 | Orvar Swenson |
| 释义 |
Orvar Swenson (February 7, 1909 – April 13, 2012) was a Swedish-born American pediatric surgeon. He discovered the cause of Hirschsprung's disease and performed the first surgery to successfully treat the disease in 1948. Early lifeSwenson was born in Helsingborg, Sweden, in 1909. His parents, Amanda and Carl Albert Swenson, were missionaries for the Community of Christ and relocated their family to Independence, Missouri, in 1917. Both parents died when Orvar was a teenager, and he and his brother Alvin lived in a boarding house where they started a business, Woodcraft, which sold fire-by-friction sets, bows and arrows, and field hockey sticks. Orvar graduated from William Chrisman High School in 1929 and William Jewell College in 1933.[1] The same year, Orvar and Alvin were admitted to Harvard Medical School, where they successfully petitioned the dean to be placed in the same class so that they could share textbooks in order to save money.[2] They graduated from Harvard in 1937.[3] CareerSwenson began his medical career as an intern at Ohio State University. After a year, he returned to Boston to work at Boston Children's Hospital and Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. Initially a resident in pathology, he completed a residency in surgery from 1939 to 1945.[3] He completed his residency in 1945 and became an assistant professor of pediatric surgery at Harvard while working on the pediatric surgical staff at Boston Children's Hospital.[1] In 1949 he moved to Boston's Floating Hospital for Children as surgeon-in-chief, making him the first pediatric surgeon on staff at the hospital.[1][3] He moved to Chicago in 1960 to become the surgeon-in-chief of Children's Memorial Hospital, where he remained until his retirement in 1973.[1] After his retirement from clinical practice, he moved to Miami and taught at the University of Miami until 1980.[3] Swenson's main contributions to pediatric surgery focused on Hirschsprung's disease, a congenital disease in which nerves are absent from part of the colon, causing constipation and megacolon (abnormal dilation of the colon). He began his research on the condition while he was a surgical resident in Boston.[1] He discovered that the disease was caused by an absence of ganglion cells in the rectum and, with Alexander Bill, designed a surgical procedure to remove the abnormal section of bowel and create an anastomosis to connect the remaining parts of normal bowel.[2] When Swenson performed the procedure in 1948, it was the first successful surgical correction of Hirschsprung's disease.[3] Over his career, he traveled to India, Australia, South America, Europe and Canada to demonstrate his procedure,[1] which became known as the "Swenson pull-through". He described the hallmark clinical and radiological markers of Hirschsprung's disease in newborns and showed that the only way to make a definitive diagnosis was to perform a full-thickness rectal biopsy.[2] As well as Hirschsprung's disease, Swenson worked on the treatment of other birth defects. He performed esophageal anastamoses for esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula, and resection and anastamosis in intestinal atresia. He was among the first to advocate for performing pelvic osteotomy when treating bladder exstrophy and for heminephrectomy in bilateral Wilms tumors.[2] He served as president of the American Pediatric Surgical Association in 1973–1974,[3] and was the author of Swenson's Pediatric Surgery, a textbook that was published in five editions from 1958 to 1990.[2] He received the E. Mead Johnson Award from the Society for Pediatric Research in 1952, the William E. Ladd Medal from the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1959, and the Denis Browne Gold Medal from the British Association of Paediatric Surgeons in 1979.[3] Personal lifeSwenson married Melva Elizabeth Criley in 1941; they had three daughters. He died in Charleston, South Carolina, in 2012, aged 103.[2] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite web|url=https://www.eapsa.org/membership/in-memoriam/dr-orvar-swenson/|title= Dr. Orvar Swenson |publisher=American Pediatric Surgical Association|accessdate=March 14, 2019}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Swenson, Orvar}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite journal|title=Orvar Swenson, MD, 1909-2012|journal=Journal of Pediatric Surgery|first=John G. |last=Raffensperger|doi=10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.05.004|volume=47|issue=6|pages=1051–1052}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite journal|title=A tribute to Orvar Swenson on his 100th birthday|journal=Journal of Pediatric Surgery|first1= Jay L. |last1=Grosfeld|first2=H. Beimann |last2=Othersen|doi=10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2009.01.004|volume=44|issue=2|page=475}} 10 : 1909 births|2012 deaths|American pediatric surgeons|Swedish emigrants to the United States|Physicians of Brigham and Women's Hospital|Harvard Medical School faculty|Harvard Medical School alumni|William Jewell College alumni|People from Helsingborg|People from Independence, Missouri |
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