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词条 Oswald Commission
释义

  1. Background

  2. Sochi investigation

     List of disqualified sportspeople 

  3. See also

  4. References

The Oswald Commission is a disciplinary commission, chaired by IOC Member Denis Oswald. It is responsible for investigating the alleged doping violations by individual Russian athletes at the 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Sochi. As of December 22, 2017 43 athletes are disqualified, 13 medals are stripped off. 28 of 43 athletes later successfully appealed to the Court of Arbitration for Sport and had their results restored.[1]

Background

Media attention began growing in December 2014 when German broadcaster ARD reported on state-sponsored doping in Russia, comparing it to doping in East Germany. In November 2015, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) published a report and the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) suspended Russia indefinitely from world track and field events. The United Kingdom Anti-Doping agency later assisted WADA with testing in Russia. In June 2016, they reported that they were unable to fully carry out their work and noted intimidation by armed Federal Security Service (FSB) agents.[2] After a Russian former lab director made allegations about the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, WADA commissioned an independent investigation led by Richard McLaren. McLaren's investigation found corroborating evidence, concluding in a report published in July 2016 that the Ministry of Sport and the FSB had operated a "state-directed failsafe system" using a "disappearing positive [test] methodology" (DPM) from "at least late 2011 to August 2015".[3][4]

Sochi investigation

The IOC established the Disciplinary Commission and the Inquiry Commissions in July 2016, following the publication of the McLaren Report. The IOC took this measure since Prof. McLaren did not have the authority to bring forward Anti-Doping Rule Violation (ADRV) cases against individual athletes. After receiving the results from the final McLaren Report in December 2016, the IOC opened proceedings against the 28 Russian athletes mentioned in the report (the number later rose to 46[5], which are now being heard by the Oswald Commission.

On November 1, 2017 a cross-country skier Alexander Legkov who won a gold medal was disqualified and banned for life by the Commission. His Sochi results were wiped from the record. A second Russian cross-country skier who didn't get to the podium was also disqualified and banned for life.[6] 8 days later four more Russian cross-country skiers who won a combined 3 medals were found guilty of doping.[7] The total was brought to ten when four skeleton racers were disqualified on November 22, 2017, two medals (gold and bronze) were stripped off.[8] On November 24, 2017 the IOC imposed life bans on bobsledder Alexandr Zubkov and speed skater Olga Fatkulina who won a combined 3 medals (2 gold, 1 silver). Olga Stulneva and Aleksandr Rumyantsev were also disqualified.[9] All their results were wiped from the record, meaning that Russia lost its first place in the medal standings. On November 27, 2017 IOC sanctioned Olga Vilukhina, Yana Romanova, Sergey Chudinov, Alexey Negodaylo, and Dmitry Trunenkov, and stripped Vilyukhina and Romanova of their medals in biathlon.[10][11] 3 athletes who didn't win medals were sanctioned on November 29, 2017.[12] 2 days later Olga Zaitseva who won silver in biathlon and two other athletes were also disqualified.[13] On December 12, 2017 six Russian ice hockey players were disqualified.[14] Bobsledder Alexey Voyevoda who had been already stripped of his gold medals due to the anti-doping violations committed by his teammates was sanctioned on December 18, 2017.[15] Eleven athletes were banned on December 22, 2017. Among them, silver medalists Albert Demchenko and Tatiana Ivanova who were stripped of their medals.[16]

List of disqualified sportspeople

NameCountrySportBanned substanceMedalsDetails of testCAS appeals result[17]
Alexander LegkovRUS|2014 Winter}}Cross-country skiingDisappearing sample{{gold1}} gold
{{Silver2}} silver		IOC sanction imposed in 2017[18]Sanctions annulled/Results reinstated
Evgeniy BelovRUS|2014 Winter}}Cross-country skiingDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[18]Sanctions annulled/Results reinstated
Maksim VylegzhaninRUS|2014 Winter}}Cross-country skiingDisappearing sample{{Silver2}} silver
{{Silver2}} silver
{{Silver2}} silver		IOC sanction imposed in 2017[19]Sanctions annulled/Results reinstated
Evgenia ShapovalovaRUS|2014 Winter}}Cross-country skiingDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[19]Sanctions annulled/Results reinstated
Alexei PetukhovRUS|2014 Winter}}Cross-country skiingDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[19]Sanctions annulled/Results reinstated
Yulia IvanovaRUS|2014 Winter}}Cross-country skiingDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[19]Sanctions upheld
Aleksandr TretyakovRUS|2014 Winter}}SkeletonDisappearing sample{{gold1}} goldIOC sanction imposed in 2017[20]Sanctions annulled/Results reinstated
Elena NikitinaRUS|2014 Winter}}SkeletonDisappearing sample{{bronze3}} bronzeIOC sanction imposed in 2017[21]Sanctions annulled/Results reinstated
Olga PotylitsinaRUS|2014 Winter}}SkeletonDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[22]Sanctions annulled/Results reinstated
Maria OrlovaRUS|2014 Winter}}SkeletonDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[23]Sanctions annulled/Results reinstated
Olga StulnevaRUS|2014 Winter}}BobsleighDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[24]Sanctions annulled/Results reinstated
Alexandr ZubkovRUS|2014 Winter}}BobsleighDisappearing sample{{gold1}} gold
{{gold1}} gold		IOC sanction imposed in 2017[25]Sanctions upheld
Olga FatkulinaRUS|2014 Winter}}Speed skatingDisappearing sample{{Silver2}} silverIOC sanction imposed in 2017[26]Sanctions annulled/Results reinstated
Aleksandr RumyantsevRUS|2014 Winter}}Speed skatingDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[27]Sanctions annulled/Results reinstated
Aleksei NegodayloRUS|2014 Winter}}BobsleighDisappearing sample{{gold1}} goldIOC sanction imposed in 2017[28]Sanctions annulled/Team disqualified
Dmitry TrunenkovRUS|2014 Winter}}BobsleighDisappearing sample{{gold1}} goldIOC sanction imposed in 2017[29]Sanctions annulled/Team disqualified
Olga VilukhinaRUS|2014 Winter}}BiathlonDisappearing sample{{Silver2}} silver
{{Silver2}} silver		IOC sanction imposed in 2017[30]Postponed
Yana RomanovaRUS|2014 Winter}}BiathlonDisappearing sample{{Silver2}} silverIOC sanction imposed in 2017[31]Postponed
Sergei ChudinovRUS|2014 Winter}}SkeletonDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[32]Sanctions annulled/Results reinstated
Alexander KasjanovRUS|2014 Winter}}BobsleighDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[33]Sanctions upheld
Aleksei PushkarevRUS|2014 Winter}}BobsleighDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[34]Sanctions upheld
Ilvir HuzinRUS|2014 Winter}}BobsleighDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[35]Sanctions upheld
Yuliya ChekalyovaRUS|2014 Winter}}Cross-country skiingDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[36]Sanctions upheld
Anastasia DotsenkoRUS|2014 Winter}}Cross-country skiingDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[37]Sanctions upheld
Olga ZaitsevaRUS|2014 Winter}}BiathlonDisappearing sample{{Silver2}} silverIOC sanction imposed in 2017[38]Postponed
Inna DyubanokRUS|2014 Winter}}Ice hockeyDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[39]Sanctions upheld
Yekaterina LebedevaRUS|2014 Winter}}Ice hockeyDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[40]Sanctions annulled/Team disqualified
Yekaterina PashkevichRUS|2014 Winter}}Ice hockeyDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[41]Sanctions annulled/Team disqualified
Anna ShibanovaRUS|2014 Winter}}Ice hockeyDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[42]Sanctions upheld
Yekaterina SmolentsevaRUS|2014 Winter}}Ice hockeyDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[43]Sanctions annulled/Team disqualified
Galina SkibaRUS|2014 Winter}}Ice hockeyDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[44]Sanctions upheld
Alexey VoyevodaRUS|2014 Winter}}BobsleighDisappearing sample{{gold1}} gold
{{gold1}} gold		IOC sanction imposed in 2017[45]Sanctions upheld
Albert DemchenkoRUS|2014 Winter}}LugeDisappearing sample{{Silver2}} silver
{{Silver2}} silver		IOC sanction imposed in 2017[46]Sanctions annulled/Results reinstated
Tatiana IvanovaRUS|2014 Winter}}LugeDisappearing sample{{Silver2}} silverIOC sanction imposed in 2017[47]Sanctions annulled/Results reinstated
Ivan SkobrevRUS|2014 Winter}}Speed skatingDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[48]Sanctions annulled/Results reinstated
Artyom KuznetsovRUS|2014 Winter}}Speed skatingDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[49]Sanctions annulled/Results reinstated
Liudmila UdobkinaRUS|2014 Winter}}BobsleighDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[50]Sanctions annulled/Results reinstated
Maxim BeluginRUS|2014 Winter}}BobsleighDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[51]No appeal filed
Tatiana BurinaRUS|2014 Winter}}Ice hockeyDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[52]Sanctions annulled/Team disqualified
Anna ShukinaRUS|2014 Winter}}Ice hockeyDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[53]Sanctions annulled/Team disqualified
Nikita KryukovRUS|2014 Winter}}Cross-country skiingDisappearing sample{{Silver2}} silverIOC sanction imposed in 2017[54]Sanctions annulled/Results reinstated
Alexander BessmertnykhRUS|2014 Winter}}Cross-country skiingDisappearing sample{{Silver2}} silverIOC sanction imposed in 2017[55]Sanctions annulled/Results reinstated
Natalya MatveyevaRUS|2014 Winter}}Cross-country skiingDisappearing sampleIOC sanction imposed in 2017[56]Sanctions annulled/Results reinstated

See also

  • Russia at the 2014 Winter Olympics

References

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{{Doping in Russia}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Oswald Commission}}

7 : 2016 scandals|2017 scandals|2016 in Russian sport|2017 in Russian sport|Doping in Russia|Scandals in Russia|2014 Winter Olympics
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