“Otto, Count of Looz”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Otto, Count of Looz

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Notes
External links

Otto is a purported Count of Loon ({{Lang-nl|Graafschap Loon}}, {{Lang-fr|Comté de Looz}}) and father of Count Giselbert, who would have been adult roughly around the years 980-1000. He appears in only one much later document that is considered unreliable, so his existence is doubted. The list of the counts of Loon is normally started with Giselbert.

Modern proposals have been made that if existed he might be a son of Count Nevelong, or Nevelong's son, Rodolphe. The first proposal has been published for example by Van Winter, and the second by Jongbloed.^[1] Both these proposals attempt to integrate Otto into the proposal of Vanderkindere, up-dated and supported by Baerten, that the Counts of Loon most likely descend from Nevelong and his Regnarid wife. (Both proposals make Otto a grandson of Nevelong.)

None of these proposals have led to any consensus and can only be taken as speculative proposals. Jan Baerten, who is still seen as an authority for this subject, doubted the existence of Otto at all.^[2]

The only record, the Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia 1007, MGH SS X, [https://books.google.be/books?id=gRAaxM2uGjIC&pg=PA382 p. 382] tells of the installation of Baldrick II as Prince-Bishop of Liege, and that he was the brother of Count Giselbert of Loon, and the son of a man named Otto, specifically described as Count of Loon, and Liutgard of Namur. It says Liutgarde's mother Ermengarde was a countess of Namur, without naming how she became countess (presumably by marrying one of the Counts of Namur), and a daughter of a Duke Otto. It also claims she was an ancestor to Godfrey of Bouillion.

Criticism of this source, written long after the facts, centres around the more detailed information it gives about Liutgard.

One reason this account is often rejected is that this description of the mother of Gislebert seems almost identical to that of the implied wife of Gislebert (mother of Emmo of Loon), found in the Vita Arnulfi Episcopi Suessioniensis I.3, MGH SS XV.2, p. 879. Félix Rousseau, an editor of Namur histories, treated the two Lutgardes as if both could be correct records, even though, if they were both true, it would give consanguinity (forbidden cousin marriage) problems. Nevertheless, Rousseau's solution has been more recently accepted by Jongbloed.
Another concern is that her grandfather "Duke Otto" is often interpreted as being the one mentioned in the passage, Otto, Duke of Lower Lorraine, who died too early for him to possibly be great grandfather of Bishop Balderic and Count Giselbert. Jongbloed (pp.49-50), following Rousseau, believes this Duke Otto must be the one who died 944, Otto, Duke of Lorraine.

In summary, with great uncertainty, the Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia tells us that Otto married Lutgarde, who was from Namur, and had three sons:

Bishop Balderic II of Liège
Giselbert, Count of Loon
Count Arnulf, apparently also known as Arnoldus, Count of Haspinga.

Notes

1. ^J.M. Van Winter (1981) "De voornaamste adelijke geslachten in de Nederlanden in de 10de en 11de eeuw" in Blok, Algemene geschiedenis der Nederlanden
2. ^For recent discussions mentioning the continuing authority of Baerten's publications, and the lack of any new consensus, see {{citation|year=2016|last=Vaes|first=Jan|title=De Graven van Loon. Loons, Luiks, Limburgs|isbn=9789059087651}} and {{Citation|last1=Souvereyns|last2=Bijsterveld|title=Deel 1: De graven van Loon|journal=Limburg - Het Oude Land van Loon| year=2008|url=https://www.academia.edu/6056722/De_graven_van_Loon}}

==Sources==

Baerten (1965), "Les origines des comtes de Looz et la formation territoriale du comté", Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, 43 (2): link
Baerten, Jean (1969), Het Graafschap Loon (11de - 14de eeuw) link
Jongbloed (2008), "Flamenses in de elfde eeuw", Bijdragen en Mededelingen Gelre
Rousseau, Félix (1936) Actes des comtes de Namur de la première race (946-1196) link
{{citation|last=Vanderkindere| first=Léon |title=La formation territoriale des principautés belges au Moyen Age| volume=2| year=1902| url=http://digistore.bib.ulb.ac.be/2006/DL2632839_002_f.pdf |chapter=Chapter 9| page=128}}

External links

Medieval Lands Project, Comtes de Hesbaie, Comtes de Looz

1 : 10th-century European people

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